Social Learning Theory Occupational Therapy In Community-Based Practice Settings p.69-70

Rotter An individual’s expectations of the consequences of a particular action determine whether that behavior was performed. Bandura Self-efficacy: the individual’s perception that he or she will be able to successfully perform a specific behavior

Expectancy The value an individual places on a particular outcome Three types: 1. Efficacy expectations 2. Outcome expectations 3. Environmental expectations

Efficacy expectations An individual believes in his or her ability to perform a given behavior Successful accomplishment or a behavior enhances one’s expectation future endeavors Outcome expectations The individual’s belief that a given will lead to specific outcomes High level of self-efficacy + internal locus of control → attempt to execute particular behavior Environmental expectations How events are related to each other and what one may expect from any environment

Behavior change Direct: reinforcement Indirect: social modeling Self-management: individual monitor & self-reward

Limitation Limited number of reliable and valid instruments Lack of delineation of appropriate source of modeling Insufficient description of the nature of change

The development of a theory-based intervention to promote appropriate disclosure of a diagnosis of dementia Robbie Foy, Jillian J Francis, Marie Johnston, Martin Eccles, Jan Lecouturier, Claire Bamford and Jeremy Grimshaw BMC Health Services Research 2007, 7:207 Purpose: Develop an intervention to promote appropriate disclosure of a diagnosis of dementia based on theoretical and empirical work Methods: Conducted a questionnaire survey of older peoples' mental health teams based on Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

Questionnaire survey Finding out what the patient already knows or suspects about their diagnosis Using the actual words dementia or Alzheimer's disease when talking to the patient Exploring what the diagnosis means to the patient

Behavior change techniques Modeling Graded task Action planning

Promoting a healthy diet and physical activity in adults with intellectual disabilities living in community residences: Design and evaluation of a cluster-randomized intervention Liselotte Schäfer Elinder, Helena Bergström, Jan Hagberg, Ulla Wihlman and Maria Hagströmer BMC Public Health 2010, 10:761 Purpose: the design and evaluation of a health intervention aiming to improve diet and physical activity in this target group

Ten health education sessions for residents in their homes Methods: The intervention is based on social cognitive theory and takes 12-15 months to complete Ten health education sessions for residents in their homes the appointment of a health ambassador among the staff in each residence and formation of a network a study circle for staff in each residence Final results from the intervention study are expected in 2013.

Comparing Incarcerated and Community-Dwelling Older Men’s Health Susan J. Loeb, Darrell Steffensmeier and Frank Lawrence Western Journal of Nursing Research Volume 30 Number 2 March 2008 Purpose to compare incarcerated and community-dwelling older men’s self-efficacy for health management, health-promotion behaviors and health status Self-efficacy Perceived barriers(personal & situational) Anticipated benefits Health-promotion behaviors Health status

Methods 51 older male inmates(age 57) v.s. 33 community-dwelling older men(age 72) Older Men’s Health Program and Screening Inventory (OMHPSI; Loeb, 2003) Health promotion activities of older adults measure (HPAOAM; Padula, 1997) Self-efficacy for health management

Results Inmates reported significantly less participation in health-promotion behaviors (p < .01) and attended fewer programs (p < .05) Self-rated health & Self-efficacy for health management: no significant difference Conclusion Incarcerated men lacked of availability or awareness of programs to build self-care skills and perceptions