The Constitution Federalism The Three Branches of Government Key Concepts

The Constitution 7 Articles 1) Legislative Branch 2) Executive Branch 3) Judicial Branch 4) Relations Among States 5) Amending the Constitution 6) Supremacy of the Constitution 7) Ratification

The 3 Branches Legislative Branch: makes the laws Executive Branch: enforces the laws Judicial Branch: interprets the laws

Legislative Branch ( Congress) House of Representatives Qualifications –25 yrs. old –A citizen for 7 years –State resident Number & Terms –435 representatives –2 year terms –Unlimited termsLeader –Speaker of the House –John Boehner retiring 10/31 Senate Qualifications –30 years old –Citizen for 9 years –State resident Number & Terms –100 senators –6 year terms –Unlimited terms –1/3 elected every 2 yearsLeader –President of the Senate Vice President Biden

Senators from AZ

Representatives from AZ

Congress can….. House of Reps and Senate –Impose taxes –Declare war –Organize the court system –Admit new states House Only: –Start tax bills Senate Only: –Approve federal appointments –Approve treaties

Impeachment Any government official can be impeached House of Representatives –Power to impeach –Vote to put someone on trial Senate –Act as the jury. –Vote to remove from office or not – 2/3 of Senate needed to convict Chief Justice –Oversees trial for Presidential impeachment only. Only Two Presidents Ever Impeached –Andrew Johnson ( ): violating an act that was passed –Bill Clinton ( ): lying under oath –Both were not convicted and remained in office

Executive Branch ( President) Qualifications –35 yrs. old –Natural born citizen –14yrs. U.S. resident Number & Terms –1 President –4 year term –2 term limit / 10 year max Leader –President Barack Obama

Taking Office To Win the Election…. –270 of 538 electoral votes – –If no candidate receives 270 electoral votes House picks President, Senate picks VP Inauguration Day –Oath is taken/sworn in –January 20 th – 2013 Inauguration 2013 Inauguration 2013 Inauguration Succession: next in line –Vice President –Speaker of the House –President Pro Tempore of the Senate This is the President of the Senate when VP Biden is absent. –Secretary of State Then the rest of the Cabinet

President can…. Veto Bills Make Appointments Make Treaties Pardon Issue Executive Orders Commander in Chief of Armed Forces

The Cabinet Cabinet Assistants/Advisors to the President 15 Secretaries of the Departments StateHealth/Human Services TreasuryHousing/Urban Development DefenseTransportation Attorney GeneralEnergy InteriorEducation AgricultureVeteran Affairs CommerceHomeland Security Labor Secretary of State is highest ranking

Judicial Branch (Supreme Court) Qualifications –Must be appointed by the President –Must be confirmed by the Senate Number & Terms –9 Total: 1 Chief Justice and 8 Justices –Life term Leaders –Chief Justice John Roberts

Importance of Appointment Decorate Affiliated Elena Kagan - 54 Sonia Sotomayor - 60 Stephen Breyer - 76 Ruth Bader Ginsburg - 81 SUPER IMPORTANT: the next President could possibly replace 4 Justices Republican Affiliated C.J. John Roberts - 60 Sam Alito - 64 Clarence Thomas - 66 Anthony Kennedy - 78 Antonin Scalia – 78 Possible Make Up: Republican: 7-2 Democrat: 6-3

Judicial Powers Judicial Review – –Power to declare laws unconstitutional – –Constitution only allowed review of acts passed by states, NOT federal government EX: gay marriage was being contested at the state level – –Now, it includes acts passed by federal government EX: Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) was an Executive Act – –Supports the whole idea of the Supremacy Clause, remember that!

Most Famous Judicial Review Marbury v. Madison Established the idea of Judicial Review of federal government The Story In the last week of Adams’ Presidency he appointed several people to office. Not all appointments were delivered prior to Jefferson becoming President. Jefferson’s Secretary of State, James Madison, was ordered not to deliver the leftover appointments. One not delivered was for William Marbury. Supreme Court sided with Marbury. Again, the real importance is the Supreme Court can also review federal laws/acts.

Too Much Power????

Levels of the Court System Three Levels: –Supreme Court: highest court in the U.S. –Circuit or Appellate Courts (12 Regional & 1 U.S.) –District Courts (94)

Ideas in the Constitution Popular Sovereignty –Sovereign: having supreme or ultimate power –It is the idea of voting, the people possess the power to decide (what is popular or liked by the majority) –Preamble: We the People –Amendments 9 and 10 also address the rights of the people Limited Government –Limits as prescribed by laws or Constitutions.

Many Powers Are Listed Powers in the Constitution Enumerated: specifically stated –Can do this, Can do this, etc. Concurrent: shared –Both federal and state can do Reserved: set aside for only one –Either federal or state can do, but NOT both We will look more specifically at this in a DBQ.

Nothing is Ever 100% Elastic Clause AKA: Necessary and Proper Clause Congress could pass laws needed or necessary to fulfill/accomplish its enumerated powers.

Nothing is Ever 100% Amending/Changing the Constitution Proposing Amendments –2/3 majority vote in House and Senate Ratifying Amendments –Approval by ¾ of state legislatures Number of Amendments –27 total amendments –Bill of Rights: 1-10

Homework Looking back at this worksheet, list the ways you see the idea of checks and balances in our government.

Important Vocabulary Quorum: over ½ of members must be present to conduct business Pocket Veto: a bill dies if President doesn’t sign and Congress adjourns before 10 days are up Elastic Clause: Congress can make laws necessary to carry out their 17 powers –“Necessary and proper” and “general welfare”

Important Vocabulary Habeas Corpus: Good cause is needed to imprison someone (evidence) Bill of Attainder: Laws cannot target individuals or select groups Extradition: State Governors must return suspects to the state where crime was committed

Important Vocabulary Ex Post Facto: people cannot be charged with crimes that did not exist earlier Treason: a violation of allegiance –Include: levying war on the U.S., comforting U.S. enemies –Conviction: 2 witnesses or confession in open court