World History in one sentence

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British Imperialism in India

India

Great Britain in India 1600’s Great Britain set up trading posts through out India

British East India Company ● controlled British trade in India eventually the company gained political control over Bangladesh, Southern India, and Northern India (along Ganges River) eventually the company gained political control over Bangladesh, Southern India, and Northern India (along Ganges River)

British East India Company 1800’s: company operated in India with no regulation by British government 1800’s: company operated in India with no regulation by British government company had its own army company had its own army Company army led by Company army led by British army officers

Sepoys Indians who joined British armies in India Indians who joined British armies in India Resented by other Indians Resented by other Indians

“Jewel in the Crown” Great Britain considered India its most precious jewel (colony) in its Imperial crown Great Britain considered India its most precious jewel (colony) in its Imperial crown

“Jewel in the Crown” Industrial Revolution turned India into a major supplier of raw materials to Great Britain Industrial Revolution turned India into a major supplier of raw materials to Great Britain 300 million Indians were 300 million Indians were a large market for British products

“Jewel in the Crown” British forbade India from trading on its own with other countries British forbade India from trading on its own with other countries India was forced to produce raw materials for only Britain and to buy finished products from only Britain India was forced to produce raw materials for only Britain and to buy finished products from only Britain Indian competition with British finished products was forbidden Indian competition with British finished products was forbidden

“Jewel in the Crown” Britain set up a railroad network to take raw materials from inside India to its ports Britain set up a railroad network to take raw materials from inside India to its ports

Raw Materials Taken from India Tea Tea Indigo (dye for clothing) Indigo (dye for clothing)

Raw Materials Taken from India Coffee Coffee Cotton Cotton

Raw Materials Taken from India Jute (fiber for making rope) Opium (plant that heroin is made from) Opium (plant that heroin is made from)

Raw Materials Taken from India Britain relied more on raw materials from India as wars around the world cut off British supplies from other places Britain relied more on raw materials from India as wars around the world cut off British supplies from other places example: American Civil War ( ) example: American Civil War ( ) made Indian cotton more important to Great Britain because cotton supply from America was cut off

Positives for India Great Britain laid the world’s third largest railroad network in India Great Britain laid the world’s third largest railroad network in India Railroads brought unity to disconnected regions in India Railroads brought unity to disconnected regions in India Modern road Modern roadnetwork ■ Telephone and telegraph lines Dams, bridges, canals Dams, bridges, canals Sanitation and public health improved Sanitation and public health improved Schools/ Schools/ colleges founded Truces between Truces between local warring rulers in India

Negatives for India British held all political and economic power British held all political and economic power British restricted Indian- owned industries British restricted Indian- owned industries Cash crops made it impossible for small farmers to produce enough food for themselves Cash crops made it impossible for small farmers to produce enough food for themselves Racist attitudes of most British officials and missionaries threatened Indian traditional life Racist attitudes of most British officials and missionaries threatened Indian traditional life

Indians Rebel By 1850 most Indians resented that Great Britain owned their country By 1850 most Indians resented that Great Britain owned their country Indians were angry at attempts to forcefully convert them to Christianity Indians were angry at attempts to forcefully convert them to Christianity Indians were angry Britain controlled all useful land in their country Indians were angry Britain controlled all useful land in their country ■ Indians were angry at the constant racism expressed towards them by the British

Sepoy Mutiny 1857 gossip spread amongst Sepoys (Indian soldiers for the British) 1857 gossip spread amongst Sepoys (Indian soldiers for the British) the seals of their ammunition had to be bitten off the seals of their ammunition had to be bitten off they believed the British dipped the seals of their they believed the British dipped the seals of their ammunition in beef and pork (Hindus can not eat beef/ Muslims can not eat pork)

Sepoy Mutiny British commander was outraged when 85 Sepoys refused to accept the ammunition British commander was outraged when 85 Sepoys refused to accept the ammunition The Sepoys were jailed for disobeying orders The Sepoys were jailed for disobeying orders May 10, 1857 Sepoys rebelled; marched on Delhi (Indian capital) May 10, 1857 Sepoys rebelled; marched on Delhi (Indian capital) rebellion spread into northern and central India rebellion spread into northern and central India

Sepoy Mutiny Fierce fighting between British and Sepoys (aided by other Indians) Fierce fighting between British and Sepoys (aided by other Indians) East India Company took more than a year to regain control of the country East India Company took more than a year to regain control of the country British government sent troops to help them British government sent troops to help them

Indians Did Not Fully Unite During Sepoy Mutiny serious splits between Hindus and Muslims serious splits between Hindus and Muslims unclear inconsistent leadership unclear inconsistent leadership Many Indian princes did not take part in the rebellion (made alliances with Many Indian princes did not take part in the rebellion (made alliances withBritish) Sikhs (Indian religious group) remained loyal to the British Sikhs (Indian religious group) remained loyal to the British

Sikhs

Sikhs Minority Indian religious group Minority Indian religious group Sikhs feared Muslims would regain Sikhs feared Muslims would regain control of the country during control of the country during Sepoy Mutiny ■ Muslim Mughals ruled India before Britain

Sikhs Sikhs replaced Sepoys in Britain’s Indian army after the Sepoy Mutiny Sikhs replaced Sepoys in Britain’s Indian army after the Sepoy Mutiny Mughals did not allow religious freedom Mughals did not allow religious freedom Great Britain allowed some religious freedom in India Great Britain allowed some religious freedom in India

Turning Point 1858 British government took direct control over India (because of the Mutiny) 1858 British government took direct control over India (because of the Mutiny) Raj (time period when Raj (time period when India was under Great Britain’s control: )

Raj India was divided into 11 Provinces and 250 districts India was divided into 11 Provinces and 250 districts sometimes a handful of sometimes a handful of officials would be the only officials would be the only British amongst millions of British amongst millions of Indians in a district Indians in a district Mutiny increased distrust between British and Indians: it fueled more British racism towards Indians Mutiny increased distrust between British and Indians: it fueled more British racism towards Indians

Indian National Congress 1885 Made up of Hindus; called for self-government Made up of Hindus; called for self-government upset that Britain segregated Bengal (Indian city) into Muslim section and Hindu section in 1905 upset that Britain segregated Bengal (Indian city) into Muslim section and Hindu section in 1905 INC led acts of violence against British in Bengal INC led acts of violence against British in Bengal 1911 Britain changed the order of segregation 1911 Britain changed the order of segregation

Muslim League 1906 Made up of Muslims Made up of Muslims also called for self-government also called for self-government also upset about segregation of Bengal in1905 also upset about segregation of Bengal in1905 also participated in acts of violence against British in India also participated in acts of violence against British in India