THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Joëlle 2010. By the end of the 17th century, any statement of the from ”x is true” was no longer met with the question: ”Which authority.

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Presentation transcript:

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Joëlle 2010

By the end of the 17th century, any statement of the from ”x is true” was no longer met with the question: ”Which authority says so?” but with the question: ”What is your evidence for that – where is your proof?” Francis Bacon ( ) was the first to distinguish the ”scientific method”

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Advantages : Results are unprejudiced Results are repeatable Conclusions are testable Conclusions hold irrespective of the personal paradigms of the scientist.

1. OBSERVATION Observe and collect data/facts evidence and look for a pattern

2. HYPOTHESIS Your hypothesis allows you to make a prediction which has to be falsifiable Educated guess Based upon observation Rational explanation of a phenomenon Not be proved Supported/refuted by experimentaton

3. EXPERIMENT Must be controllable, measurable and repeatable (by others and independently)

4. LAW Confirmed hypothesis= scientific laws (evt) A SCIENTIFIC LAW IS A STATEMENT OF FACTS EXPLAINS AN ACTION OR SET OF ACTIONS ACCEPTED TO BE TRUE AND UNIVERSAL CAN BE A SINGLE MATHEMATICAL EQUATION LAW OF GRAVITY/LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS/HOOCK´S LAW OF ELASTICITY

5. THEORY Explains, unifies various laws, provides focus for further research Explanation of a set of related observations Based upon proven hypotheses Verified multiple times by detached groups of researchers

A few laws !

Law of elacticity!

Theory of Relativity

7/06/feynmann-on-scientific-method.htmlhttp://naturalsciencetok.blogspot.com/200 7/06/feynmann-on-scientific-method.html The scientific method in MontyPython

More seriously…Methodoly = Observation (=facts in the natural sciences) Inductive method (Baconian search for patterns) Experiment Hypothetico ‐ deductive method Replication of results Production of theory of the whole universe Modelling (an explanation is a reduction of a complex set of events into simpler components)

Assumptions: - of causality (If x, then Y) - of stability and continuity of world - of our situation on or near Earth is representative of the whole universe