Working towards Circular Economy and Zero Waste in Europe From a global vision to local practice: approaches and results Enzo Favoino Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza Chair, Scientific Committee, ZeroWasteEurope

CE and Zero Waste: the global role Zero Waste a strategy intended to maximise short- and long-term efficiency in resource management The CE Package proposed in July 2014 sub-titled “A zero waste programme for Europe” A codified, peer-reviewed Zero Waste Hierarchy is kept by ZWIA (Zero Waste International Alliance) Ongoing recognition/certification programmes for ZW Communities and ZW businesses. Minimisation of residuals (kgs/person.year) the key goal / metrics for performance

Why a “material recycling society”? Environmental benefits Economic benefits Occupational implications (green jobs) Supply of raw materials

Proposed Circular Economy Package (Jul 14): Recycling and preparing for re-use of municipal waste to be increased to 70 % by 2030; Recycling and preparing for re-use of packaging waste to be increased to 80 % by 2030, with material-specific targets set to gradually increase between 2020 and 2030 (to reach 90 % for paper by 2025 and 60% for plastics, 80% for wood, 90% of ferrous metal, aluminium and glass by the end of 2030); Phasing out landfilling by 2025 for recyclable (including plastics, paper, metals, glass and bio-waste) waste in non hazardous waste landfills – corresponding to a maximum landfilling rate of 25%; Measures aimed at reducing food waste generation by 30 % by 2025; Establish separate collection of organics by 2025

to make way for a broader and more ambitious approach that can be more effective (…) We are also proposing to withdraw the existing proposal on the circular economy, to make way for a broader and more ambitious approach that can be more effective. We want to look beyond the narrow focus on waste and to 'close the loop' of the circular economy, for example by addressing recycling in product design and creating a market for secondary raw material.

Question 1: Is zero waste possible?

Historical trend – a clear direction Early recycling schemes (1980): glass, paper  % Bellusco (1993): first kerbside scheme with separation of organics  60-65% Carnate (1995): transparent bag to collect residuals  70-75% Torre Boldone, Comuni dei Navigli (1997): PAYT  80-85% ZW Municipalities: continued re-design - hitting the high 80’s, 90% in some cases

“Zero waste is more the journey, than the destination”

Question 2: results?

Ljubljana – 1st EU capital to declare ZW in Europe

Present and future plans in Ljubljana Current situation: Separate collection rate: 61 % Amount of residual waste: 110 kg / person / year Commitments: Separate collection rate by 2025: 78 % Separate collection rate by 2035: 80 % Amount of residual waste by 2025: 60 kg / person / year Amount of residual waste by 2035: 50 kg / person / year

Residual waste in Contarina (2 sub-districts, 50 Municipalities, pop ) (kg*inhabitant/year) SOURCE dati Contarina 2014 (Media annuale aggiornata a Giugno), Rapporto Rifiuti ISPRA 2014 (dati 2013 Italia); Relazione Rifiuti Urbani ARPAV (dati 2013 Veneto) mid-term goal: -80% Residual Waste by 2023

Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza The principles of Zero Waste: the 4 “R”s ReduceReduce ReuseReuse RecycleRecycle Re-designRe-design

Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza A ZW plan Kerbside collection – include the organics!Kerbside collection – include the organics! Waste prevention practices in the remit of Community ResponsibilityWaste prevention practices in the remit of Community Responsibility Pay-as-you-throwPay-as-you-throw Check composition of residual wasteCheck composition of residual waste Redesign collection and management for improvementRedesign collection and management for improvement Feed back to producers in order to address non-reusablle/recyclable materialsFeed back to producers in order to address non-reusablle/recyclable materials

Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza What Communities may do right away for reducing their waste Home compostingHome composting Sustainable event management (e.g. no throwaway tableware as dishes/cutlery)Sustainable event management (e.g. no throwaway tableware as dishes/cutlery) Water from the tapWater from the tap Cloth (washable) nappiesCloth (washable) nappies

The key role of organics QUANTITATIVE: fundamental to achieve highest material recovery rates OPERATIONAL: minimising organics in residual waste makes it possible to shrink collection rounds –cost-optimisation –further driving effect for increased separation of dry recyclables, too) QUALITATIVE: reducing organics in residual waste makes it less “dirty”, remarkably more “workable”/recyclable

Organics in residual waste

Dedicated collection of foodwaste at high-rises.

Milan – pop. 1,4 M.

Cost optimisation (Lombardy, pop. 10M, 1547 Municipalities) Cost of collection (green bars) and cost of treatment/disposal (blue bars) Euro/person collection Treatment + disposal

‘Green jobs’ after rolling out curbside collection in Treviso (pop ) Total costs (management + disposal) Staff %

Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza The importance of Feeding back paving the road to minimisation of Residual Waste

Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza

Source: Eurostat 2012

700 kgs/person.yr 350 kgs/person.yr A comparison 60% incinerated = 420 kgs/person.yr 25% slags/ashes = 105 kgs/person.yr 85% recycled Residual waste = 50 kgs/person.y Committed to reduce residuals by a further 80% = 10 kgs/person.yr (before processing)

Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza Thanks for your attention Enzo Favoino Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza

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Separate collection rates in Provinces

ITALY Separate collection rates: Around 1000 Municipalities above 70% Around 300 Municipalities above 80% A few above 90% The new metrics! Minimised residual waste in kgs/person.year Hundreds Municipalities below 100 kgs 310 Municipalities below 75 kgs Many below 50 kgs Lowest ones around 20 kgs