Psychology 3051 Psychology 305B: Theories of Personality Lecture 13

Psychology 3052 Scoring Your “RSQ” 1. Sum the following items: Score 1: 3, 7 (reversed), 8, 10, 17 (reversed) Score 2: 5 (reversed), 6, 11, 15 Score 3: 1, 4, 9, 14 Score 4: 2, 5, 12, 13, For each score, compute the average. That is, divide the sums for scores 1 and 4 by 5, and the sums for scores 2 and 3 by 4.

Psychology 3053 Purpose: To gain further experience in the application of personality psychology. Term Paper Due Date: April 6, 2010 Format: A “psychobiography.” Use one or more theories of personality (e.g., the five factor model of personality, evolutionary theory, psychoanalytic theory) to describe, analyze, and interpret the life, attitudes, and/or behaviour of a specific individual.

Psychology 3054 You may choose any individual as the subject of your paper—for example, a historical or contemporary leader, an infamous figure, a celebrity, a fictional character, a friend, a family member, or yourself. Examples: Mother Teresa, Barack Obama, Joseph Stalin, Kurt Cobain, Michael Jackson, Elizabeth Taylor, Spiderman.

Psychology 3055 For personal figures, you may rely entirely on material presented in class and your textbook. For public figures, you should cite biographical resources. You are welcome to use additional resources related to the personality theories that you choose.

Psychology 3056 Length: 8-12 pages, doubled spaced, 12-point Times New Roman font, 1-inch margins. Note that this does not include the title page or reference section. Weight: 20% of your final grade in the course (80% content, 20% style). Instructions regarding the use of TurnItIn will be provided in class closer to the due date of the paper.

Psychology 3057 Questions That Will Be Answered In Today’s Lecture Neoanalytic Perspective on Personality, continued 6. How are Erikson’s 8 stages exemplified in the film Wild Strawberries? 7. According to Horney’s theory, what are (a) the safety need, (b) basic hostility, (c) basic anxiety, and (d) neurotic needs? 8. What personality types did Horney propose? Lecture 13

Psychology 3058 How are Erikson’s 8 stages exemplified in the film Wild Strawberries? Dr. Isak Borg and his housekeeper, Agda.

Psychology 3059 Dr. Borg and his daughter in-law, Marianne.

Psychology Dr. Borg and his young travel companions: The “modern” Sara, Anders, and Viktor.

Psychology The “past” Sara, who Dr. Borg once loved.

Psychology Dr. Borg and his mother.

Psychology Dr. Borg’s wife, Karin, after an encounter with her lover.

Psychology Other noteworthy characters from the film:  Dr. Borg’s son: Evald.  Dr. Borg’s brother: Sigfrid.  The couple who was involved in a car accident with Dr. Borg: Mr. and Mrs. Alman.  Dr. Borg’s aunt: Aunt Olga. We meet Dr. Borg in the last of Erikson’s 8 stages of personality development: Old Age

Psychology Old Age  61 years of age – death.  Crisis: Integrity vs. despair.  Successful resolution: Occurs when older adults feel a sense of emotional integration or satisfaction with the choices they have made and the life experiences they have had.  Basic strength: Wisdom (a detached but active concern with life in the face of death).

Psychology  First year of life.  Crisis: Basic trust vs. mistrust.  Successful resolution: Occurs when infants develop confidence in their caregivers to consistently meet their basic needs.  Basic strength: Hope (the enduring belief that one’s needs, desires, and wishes will be satisfied). What can we conclude about Dr. Borg with respect to the 7 preceding stages of personality development? 1. Infancy

Psychology Early Childhood  Second year of life.  Crisis: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt.  Successful resolution: Occurs when toddlers acquire a sense of independence stemming from their self- control.  Basic strength: Willpower (the determination to exercise free choice as well as self-restraint).

Psychology Preschool  3 – 5 years of age.  Crisis: Initiative vs. guilt.  Successful resolution: Occurs when young children feel that they can take action to pursue their desires or urges.  Basic strength: Purpose (the courage to pursue valued goals without fear of punishment).

Psychology School Age  6 – 11 years of age.  Crisis: Industry vs. inferiority.  Successful resolution: Occurs when children feel that they can master tasks of the “tool world” (i.e., tasks associated with the practical work-related world, including tasks at school).  Basic strength: Competence (the belief that one has the dexterity and intelligence required to complete meaningful tasks).

Psychology Adolescence  12 – 19 years of age.  Crisis: Identity vs. identity confusion.  Successful resolution: Occurs when adolescents develop an integrated and consistent self-view (i.e., one that is seen similarly by oneself and others).  Basic strength: Fidelity (the ability to be true to oneself and to significant others despite contradictions in value systems across roles and relationships).

Psychology Young Adulthood  20 – 35 years of age.  Crisis: Intimacy vs. isolation.  Successful resolution: Occurs when young adults feel that they can merge with another individual without losing their personal identity.  Basic strength: Love (a mutual devotion with another individual that is greater than any antagonism between the identities of each individual in the partnership).

Psychology Adulthood  36 – 60 years of age.  Crisis: Generativity vs. stagnation.  Successful resolution: Occurs when adults feel that they are able to guide, nurture, and contribute to the development of the next generation.  Basic strength: Care (a broad concern for others that extends beyond the narrowness of self-concern).

Psychology According to Horney’s theory, what are: (a) the safety need, (b) basic hostility, (c) basic anxiety, and (d) neurotic needs? Horney’s view of personality development differs from Freud’s view in 1 broad way: In contrast to Freud who emphasized the role of sexual factors in personality development, Horney emphasized the role of social factors in personality development. Consistent with her emphasis on social factors, Horney believed that people are not motivated by sexual instincts, but are motivated by a desire for love and a need for security.

Psychology Safety Need  A need for security (or freedom from fear) that is universally experienced by children.  According to Horney, the need is satisfied among children whose parents demonstrate “genuine love.”  In contrast, the need is not satisfied among children whose parents dominate, reject, overprotect, or overindulge their children.

Psychology Basic Hostility  Contempt that develops among children whose safety need is not satisfied.  The child’s contempt is directed at his or her parents but is rarely expressed as overt rage. Instead, it is typically repressed.

Psychology Basic Anxiety  Apprehension that develops among children who repress their basic hostility for their parents.  “An insidiously increasing, all-pervading feeling of being lonely and helpless in a hostile world.” (Horney, 1937)

Psychology Neurotic Needs  Strategies that are used by individuals to minimize their basic anxiety.  Horney referred to these strategies as “needs” because individuals who experience basic anxiety compulsively use them in an effort to minimize their apprehension.

Psychology The need for affection and approval. 2. The need for a dominant partner. 3. The need for power. 4. The need to exploit others. 5. The need for prestige.  Horney identified 10 neurotic needs:

Psychology The need for admiration. 7. The need for achievement. 8. The need for self-sufficiency and independence. 9. The need for perfection. 10. The need to have narrow limits to life.

Psychology What personality types did Horney propose? Horney divided the 10 neurotic needs into 3 subsets. She theorized that each subset drives the attitudes and behaviours of a distinct “neurotic” personality type. The 3 neurotic personality types that Horney proposed are: the compliant personality type, the aggressive personality type, and the detached personality type.

Psychology Horney maintained that, in the person who is not plagued by basic anxiety (i.e., who is not neurotic), the tendencies to be compliant, aggressive, and detached are expressed as circumstances warrant. In contrast, in the person who is plagued by basic anxiety (i.e., who is neurotic), only one tendency is dominant and expressed in all circumstances, whether or not the attitudes and behaviours consistent with that tendency are appropriate.

Psychology Questions That Were Answered In Today’s Lecture Neoanalytic Perspective on Personality, continued 6. How are Erikson’s 8 stages exemplified in the film Wild Strawberries? 7. According to Horney’s theory, what are (a) the safety need, (b) basic hostility, (c) basic anxiety, and (d) neurotic needs? 8. What personality types did Horney propose?