Le Salon de Monsieur Varghese 1. Homework: read R66-R70 & ANSWER questions –Leviathan: Thomas Hobbes –The Spirit of Laws: le Baron de Montesquieu –The Declaration of Independence: Thomas Jefferson –The Wealth of Nations: Adam Smith –A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: Mary Wollstonecraft 2. Come prepared to discuss your answers & the documents! 3. Bring your favorite (morning) drink…coffee, juice, etc. 4. Recreation of a Salon of the Enlightenment…so wear a fancy hat to get into the role of a Philosophe.

WarmUp #2 Read “The Two Views on Society” on pg. 576 & answer the question comparing & contrasting the views of human nature of Thomas Hobbes & John Locke.

The Enlightenment 18 th Century intellectuals used the ideas of the Scientific Revolution to reexamine life. reason: applying the scientific method to all of life

Philosophes & Their Ideas Philosophe: thinker of the Enlightenment met in salons: living rooms of wealthy families to discuss ideas/philosophies increased literacy, newspapers published, etc.

John Locke tabula rasa ---everyone is born with a blank slate, in which society fills in & shapes their perspectives natural laws govern human interactions natural rights: the rights that humans are born with (i.e. life, liberty, property)

Baron de Montesquieu wrote Spirit of Laws (1748): applied scientific method to government 3 branches of government –legislative: makes laws –executive: enforces laws –judicial: interprets laws separation of powers checks & balances –very influential for United States Constitution

Voltaire wrote Treatise of Toleration (1763) strong critic of Christianity –believed in tolerance deism: God as a “clockmaker” –made the world (Creator) & now just lets it run…without intervention

Diderot compiled writings of Philosophes & his own articles on philosophy, government, economics, etc. in Encyclopedia purpose: to change the general way of thinking bought by doctors, lawyers, clergy, teachers, etc. –spread Enlightenment ideas

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that over time, governments began to enslave their people under their influence (instead of protecting as first purposes) wrote Social Contract (1762) believed individuals in society agree to be governed, by general will, for common good social contract: the idea that people give up some of their rights, in return for protection by the government (Hobbes)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations (1776) government should not be involved in the economy (laissez-faire) the government has 3 roles: –protect society from foreign invasion (army) –defend citizens from injustice (police) –public works (roads, canals, etc.)

Adam Smith

Mary Wollstonecraft founder of women’s rights movement wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman argued Enlightenment ideas…ALSO apply to women –should not be completely controlled by her husband wanted better educational opportunities for women

Read: R70 Excerpt from: “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” Answer: the following questions in your notes. 1) How would Mary Wollstonecraft view education for women in western societies today? 2) How would Mary Wollstonecraft view the influence of popular media (i.e. television, social networking, fashion magazines, etc.) on women?

Philosophes of the Enlightenment: Enlightenment Ideas/Writings: John Locke Baron de Montesquieu Voltaire Diderot Jean-Jacques Rousseau Adam Smith Mary Wollstonecraft

Closure #1 1. What was The Enlightenment? (pg. 574) 2. Read pg. 578 & explain what an enlightened despot is. –Give an example of an enlightened despot.