Federalists vs Anti- Federalists

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Basic Beliefs? Federalists Federalists Articles of Confederation too weak Articles of Confederation too weak Problems could only be overcome by a new government based on the Constitution. Problems could only be overcome by a new government based on the Constitution. Advocate strong central government Advocate strong central government

Basic Beliefs? Opposed strong central government Opposed strong central government Believed too much power given to the central government Believed too much power given to the central government Liberty could only be secured in a small republic (Montesquieu) Liberty could only be secured in a small republic (Montesquieu) Wanted: State powers Wanted: State powers Upset over: Lack of the Bill of Rights Upset over: Lack of the Bill of Rights Fears Realized: Fears Realized: Congress implements high taxes Congress implements high taxes Supreme Court overrules state courts Supreme Court overrules state courts President heads large, standings army President heads large, standings army

Who are they? Many of both Many of both Federalists Federalists James Madison James Madison Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton John Marshall John Marshall Anti-Federalists Anti-Federalists Patrick Henry Patrick Henry Richard Henry Lee Richard Henry Lee John Hancock John Hancock Samuel Adams Samuel Adams James Monroe James Monroe George Mason George Mason

The Federalists Papers? New York = 11 th State to Ratify New York = 11 th State to Ratify Who? Who? Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay aka “Publius” aka “Publius” What? What? The Federalist The Federalist Supports the Constitution Supports the Constitution 85 essays 85 essays Why? Why? To convince people of the need for the Constitution To convince people of the need for the Constitution Where? Where? New York Newspapers, collected as a book New York Newspapers, collected as a book When? When?

Federalist # 10 How to deal with “factions” How to deal with “factions” 2 options 2 options Remove causes (take away liberty or give same interests to all) Remove causes (take away liberty or give same interests to all) Control effects Control effects Liberty is safest in LARGE republics Liberty is safest in LARGE republics Many opinions and interests rather than uniform thought (characteristic of small communities) Many opinions and interests rather than uniform thought (characteristic of small communities) People with unpopular views can more easily find allies in a larger, more diverse society People with unpopular views can more easily find allies in a larger, more diverse society Insulate government from momentary passions because people don’t always want to do the right thing Insulate government from momentary passions because people don’t always want to do the right thing More groups means less likely for ONE group to dominate More groups means less likely for ONE group to dominate

Federalist # 51 Separation of Powers Separation of Powers Checks and balances Checks and balances