Mary Wollstonecraft Feminism Social order founded on reason, therefore men and women should be treated as equals Traveled through France during the Revolution Met with great minds, argued with Rousseau Died during childbirth

Founding Fathers of America Thomas Paine English American Founding Fathers of America Common Sense Involved in the French Revolution The Age of Reason Argued for a “minimum income”

The Mind is a blank slate “Tabla Rasa” Separate Church and State John Locke The Mind is a blank slate “Tabla Rasa” Separate Church and State Two Treatises of Government Some Thoughts Concerning Education Human Rights- All men are equal

“Reason is a guide that leads one astray” Pierre Bayle French philosopher A skeptic “Reason is a guide that leads one astray” Historical and Critical Dictionary Tolerance

“Father of Natural History” Precursor to Darwin G.L. Buffon French Naturalist “Father of Natural History” Precursor to Darwin First to mention Climate Change! Monogenism Degeneration Theory

Thomas Hobbes English Philosopher Leviathan Social Contract Theory Natural equality of all people Legitimate Power must be representative A strong Central Government is necessary to keep the people in line

Shunned organized Religion Inalienable Rights Thomas Jefferson American President Shunned organized Religion Inalienable Rights Government needed to protect the liberty of individuals

Jean le Rond d’ Alembert French Mathematician Illegitimate orphan Co-editor for the Encyclopedie (math and science sections) Many mathematical and scientific theories (fluid mechanics and refraction)

French lawyer and Philosopher Theory of Separation of Powers Montesquieu French lawyer and Philosopher Theory of Separation of Powers The idea of checks and balances in government Advocating the reform of slavery

Famous for his witty attacks on the Catholic Church Voltaire French philosopher Famous for his witty attacks on the Catholic Church Changes his name after spending time in Bastille Used 178 different pen names

Declaration of the Rights of Women Olympe de gouges French Feminist Declaration of the Rights of Women French Revolution era

French physicist and author Translated Isaac Newton’s work into French Madame du Chatelet French physicist and author Translated Isaac Newton’s work into French One of Voltaire’s lovers “A great man, whose only fault was being a woman.”

French philosopher/writer Co founder/editor of Encyclopedie Denis Diderot French philosopher/writer Co founder/editor of Encyclopedie Wrote “The Skeptic’s Walk” Local police seized it at the request of the Catholic Church

Attacked organized religion Baron paul d’ holbach German- French Hosted a Paris Salon Atheist The System of Nature Attacked organized religion

Discourse on Inequality Jean Jacques Rousseau French philosopher Discourse on Inequality Believed People were ultimately good, but corrupted by civilization. Strong Central government was a necessity (Similar views to Hobbes)

Reason is the source of morality Atheist Immanuel Kant German Reason is the source of morality Atheist Peace will come through universal democracy

Scottish Philosopher/Economist Adam smith Scottish Philosopher/Economist Wealth of Nations He believed in Laissez-Faire, or a free market economy

Italian philosopher and Criminologist Cesare beccaria Italian philosopher and Criminologist On Crimes and Punishments Condemned torture and the death penalty Reforming the field of penology

Leading female figures of the French Enlightenment Madame geoffrin Leading female figures of the French Enlightenment Welcoming environment in Paris, invited all the “big” names to her Salon