Romanesque 2 Chapter 15

Title: Virgin and Child Medium: Oak with polychromy Size: height 31" (78.7 cm) Date: Late 12th century Painted wood- oak Mother and Full grown “Baby” Jesus sit erect and rigid Regal Jesus held book- Word of god Sits on bench symbolizing the thorn of Solomon These statues became very common Mary represents the language and Jesus the Word incarnate

Title: Crucifix (Majestat Batlló) Medium: Polychromed wood Size: height approx. 37 ¾" (96 cm) Date: Mid-12th century Wooden crosses became popular…Why? Unlike byzantine, Christ he still wears the robe of royalty His faces displays emotion and sorrow, with deep set eyes and downward gaze Islamic type plant stylizations adorn his robe No thorn crown Most of these crosses were displayed over church altars and were carried in processions

Title: Church of Saint-Savin-Sur-Gartempe, Poitou Date: Choir c.1060–75; nave c. 1095–1115 Tunnel-like barrel vault was perfect for fresco painting New Testament and scenes from local saints were painted Inspired by manuscripts Several teams of artist took several years to complete Have a soft powdery tone in stead of bright bold colorings Architectural elements?

Title: Tower of Babel, detail of painting in nave vault Date: c Source/ Museum: Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, Poitou, France Biblical story of the tower of Babel God turns away from the people trying to build a tower to heaven He scatters them to wind and messes with their language Workers haul heaven stones to the tower and the people plead with him

Title: Christ in Majesty, detail of apse Date: c Fills the curve of the apse half dome Halo and mandorla Strong outlines and bold colors Christ is the ruler and judge of the world Alpha and omega symbols Angels grasping evangelist symbols Vigin mary is holding a bowl Flanking lower registers are columns with stylized capitals People are very symmetrical and straight forward. Geometrically simple forms Details and of faces, hair, and muscles are turned into patterns

Title: Page with The Tree of Jesse, Explanatio In Isaiam (Saint Jerome’s Commentary on Isaiah) Medium: Ink and tempera on vellum Size: 15 X 4¾" (38 X 12 cm) Date: c Monastic and convent scriptoriums still present This is from a Cistercian- very simple and modest, few embellishments, also devoted to the Virgin Mary Jesse sleeps under a tree The virgin stands on a forked branch holding the mini “man” Jesus who is adorned with a cruciform halso Angel bring a crown for Mary the queen of heaven and a building Mary as the Christian Church She hold a branch a Christ symbol A dove symbolizes….

Title: Nave, Durham Cathedral Medium: n/a Size: Vault height about 73' (22.2 m ) Date: 1087–1133. Original east end replaced by a Gothic choir, 1242–c Columns have chevron, spiral fluting a diamond patterns Arcade with compound piers/columns Gallery space above Groin vaulted ceilings, decorations adorned the ribs of the groin vaulting All ornamentation was originally painted

Title: Nave, Church of Saint-Étienne, Caen Date: c. 1060–77; vaulted c Double arcade, both aisle and gallery St. Etienne is a good example of the Norman style of Romanesque architecture. The style developed during the rule of William the Conqueror, he's buried here at St. Etienne. Buttresses divide the facade into three bays - tripartite - there are also 3 horizontal divisions The spires were added during the Gothic period. St. Etienne is seen as a precurssor of the Gothic style of church architecture that emerges in 1140 with the re-building of St. Denis in Paris.

Ribbed groin vaults replace barrel vaults These vaults at St. Etienne are some of the earliest ribbed vaults. They are supported by large complex piers covered with pilasters and engaged columns there are 6 elements to each rib vault