Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 9 Classification

Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities.

Classifying organisms help biologists answer questions like –How many species are there? –What are the characteristics of each? –What are the relationships between species?

Carolus Linnaeus Swedish physician and botanist Lived in 1700’s Founded taxonomy, the science of identifying, classifying and naming living things

Binomial Nomenclature –Also known as binomenclature –Elephas maximus –Tyrannosaurus rex

Cladograms (branching diagrams)

Cladograms –Show close evolutionary relationships

Which is the closest relative to Hibiscus? Which is the most distant relative to Hibiscus? Which plants have seeds?

Scientific Names 2 words, Genus and Species Genus is capitalized and species is lower case Examples: –Indian elephant – Elephas maximus –Humans – Homo sapiens

Scientific names are usually Greek or Latin in origin The short cut for writing scientific names is to use the first letter of the genus and the full name of the species Example: –Escherichia coli is E. coli Organisms can have many common names but only one scientific name

Dichotomous Keys- –A tool that aids in identifying unknown organisms –Consists of several pairs of descriptive statements that have only two alternating responses –(think of the choose your own adventure books)

Dichotomous Keys

The 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Prokaryotes (no nucleus) Single cell Live in extreme conditions (hot or cold) Live in Yellowstone Hot Springs

Eubacteria Single celled Live everywhere Prokaryotes – no nucleus E. coli

Protista Single or multi cellular Eukaryotes – nuclei present Simple organisms Believed to have given rise to the other kingdoms Protozoa, algae, slime molds, Euglena Paramecium Euglena

Fungi Multicellular Eukaryotes – nuclei No photosynthesis occurs Food is obtained by breaking down materials around (decomposers) Mushrooms, molds

Why don’t you cut off mold on bread and eat it?

Plantae Multicellular Eukaryotes – nuclei Uses photosynthesis to produce food Usually green

Animalia Multicellular Eukaryotic –nuclei No cell walls Most move (exceptions in sea sponges and corals) Nervous systems

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