Enlightenment Scientific Revolution

Quote of the Day Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former. - Albert Einstein

Objectives List the circumstances that led to the scientific revolution Summarize the heliocentric theory Describe the scientific method and its importance in different fields Explain Newton’s law of gravity

Essential Question In what ways has the scientific revolution changed society?

Scientific Revolution

New way of Thinking Ideas based upon careful observation Willingness to question accepted beliefs

Combination of discoveries and circumstances Classical manuscripts Disagreements between Ancient scholars New Discoveries

New sciences Mathematics Astronomy

Model of the Universe

Heliocentric Theory Nicolaus Copernicus - concluded that the stars, the earth, and other planets revolved around the sun

Johannes Kepler - proved the planets evolve around the sun in an elliptical

Galileo Law of the pendulum Objects that are heavier will fall at the same speed as lighter objects Discovered 4 moons of Jupiter Moon and stars were not made of perfect substances

Conflict with the church Teachings contradicted the church Supported Copernican theory Galileo forced to face inquisition

Scientific Method Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes

Francis Bacon Criticized the way ancient scholars arrived at their conclusions. Urged scientist to experiment

Rene Descartes – Believed that everything should be doubted until proven “I think therefore I am”

Law of Gravity Isaac Newton All physical objects are effected equally by the same force

Law of Universal Gravity Every object in the universe attracts every other object The degree of attraction depends on the mass of the object and the distance between them

Universal Clock Universe is like a giant clock Parts work together God is the clock maker

Spread of the Scientific Revolution

Scientific Instruments Developed to make precise observations

Microscope

Mercury Barometer

Thermometer Scale of Celsius Fahrenheit scale

Medicine Proved wrong by Andreas Versalius and William Harvey Small pox vaccination – 1700’s created from cowpox

Chemistry Robert Boyle

Challenged idea of four elements – earth, wind, fire, water. Atom - Tiny particle that join together in different ways

Joseph Priestly Discovered oxygen