The science and art of transcription Sheryl L. Chatfield, M.S., CTRS Nova Southeastern University

In 20 minutes (or less) Personal experience ******Three Key Ideas****** Additional considerations Recommended resources

Why transcription? Limitation: focus mostly on ‘surface semantic content’ My experiences The distant past The recent past The present - Dresing, Pehl, & Schmieder, 2012

Three ideas AcceptanceInvestmentGrowth

Acceptance Challenges Difficult decisions Limitations…..alsoAdvantages “closeness” to the data Improving interviewing or moderating skills -Oliver, Serovich and Mason (2005); Skukauskaite, 2012

Investment Hardware Computer with typist friendly keyboard Other equipment Optional equipment

Three button Infinity by VEC USB transcription foot pedal

Investment Software Improving file quality Zamzar; Audacity; Wavepad Transcribing ExpressScribe; f4, f5; Hypertranscribe; Transana Other utilities Screenflow A few words on voice recognition

Zamzar file conversions

Audacity

WavePad

Express Scribe (free version) for Windows

Express Scribe for Mac

F4 (Windows)

F5 for Mac

HyperTranscribe

Transana

Screenflow controls

Screenflow Editing

Voice recognition

(the big) Investment… Time!

Growth: Expanding expression and presentation “Director’s cut” Found poetry Narrative or storytelling Visual presentations: graphic novels and animations Dramatic expression Multimodal transcription - McCormick, 2000a, 2000b, 2004; Norris, 2006)

Using Audacity to insert spaces, add additional tracks, and overdub comments

The process of creating ‘found data’ poetry

Interview transcript reinterpreted as a two-voice narrative; see McCormack, 2000b in the reference list

Using Comic Life 3 To illustrate a Focus group Note: this interpretation is based on a simulated focus group

Animation with Go Animate The link below goes to an instructional video; the same method could be used to re-present your transcript: (For more adventures of qualitative ninja girl, go to: And click on the tabs for QNG

The transcript as “script”

Norris, 2004 The multimodal transcript: Gesture; gaze; proximics; posture; facial expressions; objects

Considerations Do you need to do it all? Do you need to do it at all? Goals of research Expected and hoped for audience -Halcomb & Davidson, 2006; Markle, West, & Rich, 2011

References and resources Cahnmann-Taylor, M., Wooten, J., Souto-Manning, M., Dice, J.L. (2009) The art and science of educational inquiry: Analysis of performance-based focus groups with novice bilingual teachers. Teachers College Record, 111(11), Davidson, C. (2009). Transcription: Imperatives for qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(2). Retrieved from Dresing, T., Pehl, T., & Schmieder, C. (2012). Manual (on) transcription: Transcription conventions, software guides and practical hints for qualitative researchers (2 nd English ed.). Marburg, Germany: The authors. Retrieved at Halcomb, E. J. & Davidson, P.M. (2006). Is verbatim transcription of interview data always necessary? Applied Nursing Research, 19, Doi: /j.apnr Jenks, C.J. (2011) Transcribing talk and interaction: Issues in the representation of communication data. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins. Markle, D.T., West, R.E., & Rich, P.J. (2011) Beyond transcription: Technology, change and refinement of method. Forum: Qualitative Sozialforschung/ Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 12(3) Art 21. Retreived from

References and resources McCormack, C. (2000a). From transcript to interpretive story: Part 1- viewing the transcript through multiple lenses. Field Methods, 12(4), Doi: / X McCormack, C. (2000b). From transcript to interpretive story: Part 2- developing an interpretive story. Field Methods, 12(4), Doi: / X McCormack, C. (2004). Storying stories:A narrative approach to in-depth interview conversations. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 7(3), Norris, S. (2004) Analyzing multimodal interaction: A methodological framework. New York, NY: Routledge. Oliver, D.G., Serovich, J.M., & Mason, T.L. (2005). Constraints and opportunities with interview transcription: Toward reflection in qualitative research. Social Forces, 84(2), Retrieved from Saldaña, J. (2011). Fundamentals of qualitative research. New York, NY: Oxford. Skukauskait, A. (2012). Transparency in transcribing: Making visible theoretical bases impacting knowledge construction from open-ended interview records. Forum: Qualitative Sozialforschung/ Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 13(1) Art 14. Retreived from resolving/de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs

References and resources Audacity: Free audio editor and recorder. Audacity.sourceforge.net Comic life 3 (import photos to comic strip templates) (Mac or iOS). Plasq products. Plasq.com/products/comiclife3 or Mac App store Express Scribe, (transcription software) Wavepad (audio editing software) NCH Software. F4 (transcription software for windows). F5 (free transcription software for mac) Go animate (animation software) goanimate.com Hypertranscribe (transcription software). Screenflow (computer screen recording software) (Mac only). Telestream. or Mac app store Transana (video analysis software with transcription capabilities and some CA support). Zamzar (free file conversions)