Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Section 3: The Crisis Deepens Analyze the events that increased sectional tensions in the late 1850s.  Describe the Lincoln-Douglas Senate campaign of 1858.

The Republican Party Forms in 1854 as a result of the K/N Act Forms in 1854 as a result of the K/N Act Made up of Free Soilers, Whigs, & Dem. Made up of Free Soilers, Whigs, & Dem. Anti-slavery party Anti-slavery party Opposed to spread of slavery Opposed to spread of slavery Or abolition Or abolition

Why was the Republican Party founded? Anger over the Kansas-Nebraska Act caused a split in the Whig Party and in the Know-Nothing Party. The Northern Whigs, as well as members of the Free Soil Party and antislavery Democrats, joined together to found the Republican Party. Northern Know-Nothings eventually joined the Republican Party as well. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Birth of the Republican Party (cont.) (pages 332–334)

Election of 1856 Dem.- James Buchanan over Pierce (weak)- supports Comp of 1850 & K/N Act Dem.- James Buchanan over Pierce (weak)- supports Comp of 1850 & K/N Act Rep. John C. Fremont- supports MO Compromise and KS as a free state Rep. John C. Fremont- supports MO Compromise and KS as a free state Amer. Party- Millard Fillmore Amer. Party- Millard Fillmore Buchanan wins Buchanan wins Plans to stop agitation of slavery in N Plans to stop agitation of slavery in N Hopes the Supreme Court can solve the problem Hopes the Supreme Court can solve the problem

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Why did James Buchanan win the election of 1856? He had not been in the United States during the debate over the Kansas-Nebraska Act, so he had not taken a stand on the issue. He was from Pennsylvania, which had the second highest electoral votes. Buchanan was a Northerner, but he appealed to Southerners because his record in Congress showed that he would make concessions to the South to save the Union. Democrats campaigned that electing Buchanan would save the Union, and electing Frémont would cause the South to secede. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Election of 1856 (cont.) (page 334)

In 1852 the Whigs nominated Winfield Scott rather than the incumbent Millard Fillmore, whose strident enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act had alienated many Northern members of the party. Fillmore sought the presidency again in 1856 as the candidate of the Know-Nothings. He finished third with about 22 percent of the popular vote.

The Dred Scott Case Scott v. Sandford Scott v. Sandford Dred Scott is a slave in MO Dred Scott is a slave in MO Lived w/master on free soil 5yrs (IL and WI) Lived w/master on free soil 5yrs (IL and WI) Sued Sandford for his freedom Sued Sandford for his freedom Claims he was free since he had lived in a free state Claims he was free since he had lived in a free state Supreme Court rules 7 to 2 Supreme Court rules 7 to 2 Chief Justice Roger Taney from MD Chief Justice Roger Taney from MD

Dred Scott

Dred Scott (cont’d) Slaves are not citizens and can’t sue Slaves are not citizens and can’t sue Slaves are property Slaves are property Not free because he lived in a free territory Not free because he lived in a free territory Ruled the MO Comp. was unconstitutional Ruled the MO Comp. was unconstitutional Can have slaves anywhere Can have slaves anywhere 5 th Amendment- can’t deny a person his property without due process 5 th Amendment- can’t deny a person his property without due process Congress can’t ban slavery anywhere Congress can’t ban slavery anywhere

Dred Scott (cont’d) Splits Dems on sectional lines Splits Dems on sectional lines Believe it is a S conspiracy for slavery Believe it is a S conspiracy for slavery Infuriates Republicans and N Infuriates Republicans and N “the greatest crime in the annals of the republic” “the greatest crime in the annals of the republic”

The sons of Peter Blow, Dred Scott’s original slaveholder, helped pay Scott’s legal bills. Following the Supreme Court’s decision, these childhood friends bought Scott and his wife Harriet and freed them. Scott died within the year.

The Lecompton Constitution 1857-Pro slavery group draws up Constitution for KS 1857-Pro slavery group draws up Constitution for KS The majority in KS oppose slavery The majority in KS oppose slavery Buchanan accepts the Lecompton Const. Buchanan accepts the Lecompton Const. Not following popular sovereignty Not following popular sovereignty Congress votes it down Congress votes it down Returned to KS and voted down Returned to KS and voted down Upsets N & S Upsets N & S

How did the Dred Scott decision and Kansas’s Lecompton constitution increase sectional divisions? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Sectional Divisions Grow (cont.) (pages 334–336)

The Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott because, in the opinion of the court, the founders of the nation had not intended African Americans to be citizens. The court went on to say that the Missouri Compromise’s ban on slavery was unconstitutional. Democrats liked the decision. Republicans said the decision was not binding. Southerners called on Northerners to obey the decision in order to keep the South in the Union. The Lecompton constitution was voted down by antislavery forces and approved by pro-slavery forces in a referendum held in Kansas. Buchanan accepted the pro- slavery vote and asked Congress to admit Kansas as a slave state. The Senate accepted the constitution, but the House of Representatives blocked it. Kansas held another referendum in which Kansans voted to reject the constitution. Sectional Divisions Grow (cont.) (pages 334–336)

“Born in a Log Cabin” The image of a “common man” president was appealing to campaign managers in the 1800s. As voting rights spread beyond landowners, the candidate with humble roots was a potent political image. Although many nineteenth-century candidates sought to appeal to the masses, only five presidents were actually born in a log home: Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk, James Buchanan, Abraham Lincoln, and James Garfield. Of these five, Jackson, Lincoln, Buchanan, and Garfield actually experienced serious poverty in childhood. William Henry Harrison campaigned with images of a log cabin childhood, but he was actually born into an elite Virginia family that was acquainted with George Washington. Many candidates for political office try to make connections with ordinary people.

Panic of 1857 Not as bad as 1837 Not as bad as businesses fail 5000 businesses fail Unemployment rises Unemployment rises S cotton still in demand and bringing top dollar S cotton still in demand and bringing top dollar S feels they can do without the N (superior) S feels they can do without the N (superior)

The Lincoln-Douglas debates Senate seat in IL 1858 Senate seat in IL 1858 Stephen Douglas (Dem) incumbent Stephen Douglas (Dem) incumbent Majority rule Majority rule Abraham Lincoln (Rep) Abraham Lincoln (Rep) Minority rights Minority rights 7 debates 7 debates Freeport Doctrine Freeport Doctrine Douglas says states could vote down slavery even with the Dred Scot decision Douglas says states could vote down slavery even with the Dred Scot decision

L/D debates (cont’d) Splits Dems even more over slavery Splits Dems even more over slavery Covered by newspapers Covered by newspapers Douglas wins the election Douglas wins the election Dooms himself for election of 1860 Dooms himself for election of 1860 Lincoln becomes a national figure (great speaker) Lincoln becomes a national figure (great speaker)

A House Divided ( A. Lincoln) “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved– I do not expect the house to fall– but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.” “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved– I do not expect the house to fall– but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.”

What were the outcomes of the Lincoln- Douglas debates? Douglas was elected Senator, but his Freeport Doctrine angered Southerners. Lincoln clarified the principles of the Republican Party and established a national reputation as a clear, insightful thinker and an eloquent debater. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Lincoln and Douglas (cont.) (pages 336–337)

John Brown

John Brown’s Raid Oct. 16, 1859 Oct. 16, 1859 Attacks federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA Attacks federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA 22 followers 22 followers Try to take weapons to arm slaves with Try to take weapons to arm slaves with Kills 7 innocent people including 1 free black Kills 7 innocent people including 1 free black Slaves don’t rise up Slaves don’t rise up Col. Robert E. Lee surrounds them Col. Robert E. Lee surrounds them Kill half of Brown’s men (2 sons) Kill half of Brown’s men (2 sons) Brown convicted of treason Brown convicted of treason He is executed He is executed N sees him as a martyr (Christ-like) N sees him as a martyr (Christ-like) Scares the S (develop militias for prevention)?? Scares the S (develop militias for prevention)?? Scares the S Scares the S

How did John Brown’s raid deepen sectional divisions? Many Northerners viewed Brown as a martyr for the slaves’ cause. The raid strengthened abolitionist feelings in the North. Southerners viewed Brown’s raid as proof that Northerners were plotting the murder of slaveholders. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. John Brown’s Raid (cont.) (pages 337–338)