The Nation Splits

Missouri Compromise MISSOURI – enter as a “slave state” MAINE – enter as a “free state” 12 free states / 12 slave states = balanced Dividing line at 36 degrees, 30 minutes -would divide the land left in the Louisiana Territory Below line – open to slavery; above line – closed to slavery

Compromise of 1850 TEXAS – would be a slave state CALIFORNIA – enter as a free state In the land ceded by Mexico in 1848 = 2 new territories... Utah and New Mexico, use popular sovereignty (“people’s choice”) to decide if they would enter the Union as a slave state or a free state Free states: The slave trade would be abolished in the nation’s capital - Washington, DC – forever! For the Slave states: A new Fugitive Slave Act would go into effect: it was now federal law that anyone living in the Northern free states MUST help return runaway slaves to their owners in the South

Kansas-Nebraska Act In the remaining unorganized territory, 2 new territories would be created: Kansas and Nebraska These two territories would also use popular sovereignty to decide if they would enter the Union as a slave state (Kansas?) or a free state (Nebraska?) This act abolished the Missouri Compromise and opened the area to possible slavery

Election of 1860 Abe Lincoln – Republican Stephen Douglas – Northern Democrat John Breckinridge – Southern Democrat John Bell - Southern moderate

Election of 1860 Northern and southern Democrats votes split between Douglas, Breckinridge and Bell Allowed Lincoln to receive all Republican votes Split led to Lincoln being elected ** Both houses of congress in northern hands, and an opponent of slavery will now head the executive branch*****

South Secedes from Union “The union now subsisting between South Carolina and the other states under the name of the ‘United States of America’ is herby dissolved” One week after Election 1860 – S.C. Leads the secession, followed by 12 others. Every Article of Secession states interference with “Peculiar Institution” (slavery) as reason for leaving union.

RECONSTRUCTION Analyze the impact of reconstruction in the following areas: geographic, political, economic, social

ISSUES AFTER THE WAR POLITICAL ISSUES Federal v. States’ Rights Lincoln assassinated – Johnson takes over SOCIAL ISSUES 13 th Amendment, 14 th Amendment, and 15 th Amendment Black Codes ECONOMIC ISSUES Key to Freedom – Owning Land Sharecropping almost as bad as slavery

GEOGRAPHIC ISSUES Southern Cities rapid industrial growth during Reconstruction Northern businesses dependent upon the South for resources Northerners also wanted the southern cities for markets railroads linked North and South Southern business leaders and Northern investors partnered

IMPACT OF RECONSTRUCTION Violence in the South organized terrorist groups such as KKK and others target African Americans Poverty African Americans unhappy with financial status and lack of land reform Supreme Court Decisions civil rights left to state control no enforcement of protection under the 14 th Amendment Southern leaders wanted to suppress rights of African Americans