Properties of Matter Page 11 of INB What has to change for a substance to change from one state to another?

Definite Composition John Dalton, in the early 1800's, figured out that each chemical element is composed of a unique type of atom, and that these atoms differed by their masses. He devised a system of chemical symbols and, figured out the relative weights of atoms, then arranged them into a table.

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Matter exists in four states: solid, liquid, gas and plasma

Mass and Weight are DIFFERENT! Mass Measure of the amount of matter Metric system unit is kilograms (kg) Mass never changes in an object Weight The force of gravity on an object Weight = Mass (Acceleration of Gravity) Metric system unit is Newton (N)

Matters Building Blocks Atom  Element  Compound

Classification of Properties Extensive - Depends on amount of matter - Volume, mass, amount of energy Intensive - DOESN’T depend on amount of matter, but the type of matter instead - Melting point, boiling point, density, ability to conduct and transfer energy

Physical Properties of Matter Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance (“Personal” Description of Substance ) Size color Cut

Physical Properties: Change of State Solid (definite volume + shape) Liquid (definite volume + indefinite shape) Gas (NO definite volume or shape) Phase Diagram: Water

Chemical Properties of Matter Characteristics that relate to the substances ability to change and transform into a different substance Chemical change = the conversion of one or more substances into another Reactants Products 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Light energy

Solid LiquidGas