The very first Negro spirituals were musical pieces inspired by traditional African sounds, rhythm and beats. Some of these traditional sounds were called “shouts” which were accompanied with dancing, hand clapping and foot tapping. Ring Shouts The Story of American Gospel Music

The basic elements of shout rings are: – Calls – Cries – Hollers – Moans and groans – Call-and-response – Various rhythmic aspects The Story of American Gospel Music

The Second Great Awakening was a Christian revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. It stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society. Second Great Awakening, 1820s – 1870s

In the early nineteenth century, African Americans were involved in the “Second Awakening”. They met in camp meetings and sang without any hymnbook.

The Second Great Awakening was a Christian revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. It stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society. Second Great Awakening, 1820s – 1870s

As they had done in the Motherland, the early African slaves came together as a community to share stories of their daily lives, to worship God, and to pay homage to their ancestors through music and dancing. The gatherings where the slaves joined together to create this new music appeared to be religious in nature and did possess some elements of Christianity. Ring Shouts

To appeal to God, call out to the ancestors, and talk with each other, the slaves continued the sacred African circle dance known as the "ring shout." The dance combines singing with rhythmic shuffle dancing performed in a circle and executed in a counterclockwise movement. KmmTMg3e5Uo&feature=related KmmTMg3e5Uo&feature=related Ring Shouts

As traditional negro spirituals continued to be sung, new Gospel songs were created. The lyrics of these new songs dealt with praising the Lord, with personal improvement and with brotherly community life. Many of them were inspired by social problems: segregation, lack of love, relationships, social issues etc...gateway to the Blues

Ragtime is an African American original musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1897 and Its main characteristic trait is syncopated, or "ragged," rhythm. It began as dance music in the red- light districts of American cities such as St. Louis and New Orleans years before being published as popular sheet music for piano Scott Joplin: Maple Leaf Rag – AtL7n_-rc AtL7n_-rc Ragtime: Scott Joplin

The Blues were born in the North Mississippi Delta following the Civil War. Influenced by African roots, field hollers, ballads, church music and rhythmic dance tunes called jump- ups evolved into a music for a singer who would engage in call-and- response with his guitar. He would sing a line, and the guitar would answer. The Birth of American Blues Music

Rock music has experienced a great deal of musical growth and maturity since its creation. It evolved from African American and European musical traditions as they were formed within the United States during the 40s and 50s. The Birth of American Rock-n-Roll

Musical Roots of the Blues Earliest roots of blues lie in African, Middle East, and European cultures Earliest American blues songs were sung by griots (oral poets) The Roots of American Rock-n-Roll

Rhythmic flow, varied vocal tones, and duple (double) rhythms American blues is a transplant version of griot songs (personal expression) African music was mixed with European traditional music The Birth of American Rock-n-Roll

Country blues is the earliest known blues in American. Its origins are from the U.S. southern regions. Mississippi Delta (called delta blues) had a direct influence on rock music Delta blues music is highly emotional, rough, expressive, and rhythmic (Robert Johnson, Charley Patton, and Son House) Traditional blues style was influenced by West African call-and-response methods The Birth of American Rock-n-Roll

Son House /watch?v=8jN5vqEyV7g /watch?v=8jN5vqEyV7g Country Blues cont. Plantations in Mississippi built the foundation of the music Delta blues express desire of liquor, women, sex, and love It is poly-rhythmic (African tradition) The Birth of American Rock-n-Roll

Classical Blues Twelve bar form and usually a female lead vocalist Ma Rainey (Mother of the Blues) and Bessie Smith Moans, dramatic pauses, and melody slides  Bessie Smith atch?v=6MzU8xM99Uo&fea ture=related atch?v=6MzU8xM99Uo&fea ture=related The Birth of American Rock-n-Roll

Classical Blues Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton recording “Hound Dog” influenced Elvis Presley and Janis Joplin re- recorded Johnson’s “Ball and Chain” Big Mama (1952), 12 bar format, rough classical blues style, and lyrics were song by a woman to a man Elvis (1956), 12 bar format, polished urban blues style, and lyrics were song by a man to a woman The Birth of American Rock-n-Roll

Big Mama Thornton h?v=V_nNNIYTy9g&feature=rel ated h?v=V_nNNIYTy9g&feature=rel ated Elvis Presley tch?v=X5JALwwaASg tch?v=X5JALwwaASg The Birth of American Rock-n-Roll

Urban Blues Section (bass, drum, guitar and/ or piano) B.B. King and rock guitarist Chuck Berry influenced the musical styles of Eric Clapton and Jimi Hendrix watch?v=wyGGG1I- rf8&feature=fvsr watch?v=wyGGG1I- rf8&feature=fvsr Rock musicians were highly influenced by country and urban blues styles atch?v=AscPOozwYA8 atch?v=AscPOozwYA8 The Birth of American Rock-n-Roll

Bo Diddley om/watch?v=MAGoqM ZRLB4 om/watch?v=MAGoqM ZRLB4 Rhythm and Blues Originally called “Race Music” 50s and 60s, rhythmic dance music to backbeats (swiveled hip dancing) Rhythm backbeats and blues formed the basis of much of the rock and roll in the 1950s The Birth of American Rock-n-Roll

Rock of the Fifties Boogie woogie, a spirited and rhythmic piano style that developed in the South in the 1920s Fats Domino, Little Richard (pianist/ “Good Golly, Miss Molley,” “Tutti Fruitti”), Chuck Berry (guitarist) Little Richie m/watch?v=z3-OaNevkfg m/watch?v=z3-OaNevkfg The Birth of American Rock-n-Roll

Seventeenth – nineteenth centuries, European settled in the south and southwest part of the United States Country music had simple rhythms, hymns, and folk melodies Africans traditions all influenced this musical style with the creation of the banjo The Country Roots of Rock Music

Maddox Brothers and Rose atch?v=REgjg9xD-lo atch?v=REgjg9xD-lo Jerry Lee Lewis Hillbilly Music – fiddle, guitar, barn dance, with African American boogie woogie and American white country music are the major influence of this musical style. (Jerry Lee Lewis) The Country Roots of Rock Music

Blue and Rhythm and Blues played and performed by country musicians (Billy Haley and the Comets, “Rock Around the Clock” and “Shake Rattle and Roll” Rockabilly – Elvis Presley Era Elvis first signed with Sun Records; then latter was signed to RCA Billy Haley /watch?v=F5fsqYctXgM /watch?v=F5fsqYctXgM The Roots of Rock Music

Charles Edward Anderson "Chuck" Berry (born October 18, 1926) is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter, and one of the pioneers of rock and roll music. He refined and developed rhythm and blues into the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive, with lyrics focusing on teen life and consumerism and utilizing guitar solos and showmanship that would be a major influence on subsequent rock music. tch?v=gsp4VCbVvn4 tch?v=gsp4VCbVvn4 tch?v=6ofD9t_sULM&feature =related tch?v=6ofD9t_sULM&feature =related The Roots of Rock Music

Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources. Musically, rock has centered around the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with bass guitar and drums. Rock Music, 1970s – 1990s

Musically, rock has centered around the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with bass guitar and drums. Rock Music, 1970s

Queen v=xdCrZfTkG1c&feature=fvwrel v=xdCrZfTkG1c&feature=fvwrel Aerosmith v=bKttENbsoyk&feature=related v=bKttENbsoyk&feature=related Hard rock was more often derived from blues-rock and was played louder and with more intensity. It often emphasized the electric guitar, both as a rhythm instrument using simple repetitive riffs and as a solo lead instrument, and was more likely to be used with distortion and other effects. Rock Music, 1970s

Mahalia Jackson reigned as a pioneer interpreter of gospel music whose fervent contralto was one of the great voices of this century. m/watch?v=Z0a8RNdnh No m/watch?v=Z0a8RNdnh No The Women of Rock Music

The rockabilly field of the Fifties wasn’t exactly crowded with female performers, but Wanda Jackson didn’t let that stop her from making her mark. m/watch?v=O0uq1vNHI UI m/watch?v=O0uq1vNHI UI The Women of Rock Music

Janis Joplin brought her powerful, bluesy voice from Texas to San Francisco’s psychedelic scene, where she went from drifter to superstar. m/watch?v=- 7JVxE2SYxo m/watch?v=- 7JVxE2SYxo The Women of Rock Music

Sister Ann and Nancy Wilson, HEART group rose to fame in the 1970s with their music being influenced by hard rock as well as folk music. m/watch?v=whXeb7Ohf kk m/watch?v=whXeb7Ohf kk The Women of Rock Music

Bette Midler m/watch?v=m0CvciW9 AkQ&feature=related m/watch?v=m0CvciW9 AkQ&feature=related The Women of Rock Music

The Ike and Tina Turner Revue was one of the highest energy ensembles on the soul circuit in the late ‘60s and early ‘70s. m/watch?v=Uifuzx9TDV Y m/watch?v=Uifuzx9TDV Y The Women of Rock Music