1. Explain what each plate boundary does. Today’s Standard: The student will use evidence to explain that the earth’s lithosphere is composed of many plates rather than one continuous piece The student will explain why earthquakes, mountain building, and volcanic eruptions often occur at the boundaries between plates The student will describe the geologic processes that are responsible for the Great Basin region, Lake Tahoe, the Sierra Nevada Mountains, earthquakes in Nevada, Spring Mountain Range, Red Rock Canyon, and Valley of Fire The student will describe how landforms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive processes.

 Fault: a crack or fracture in the Earth’s crust along which movement, dislocation and overlaps of plates occur.  Plate Boundary: Where two or more plates meet

Today we are going to take the clicker Quiz Wiz Name the boundary A.Divergent Boundaries  Oceanic / Oceanic  Continental / Continental B.Convergent Boundaries  Oceanic / Continental  Oceanic / Oceanic  Continental / Continental C.Transform Fault Boundary

Philippine Plate

 Today we are going to fill in the “L” part of the KWL of what you have learned about our planet  Put together your notebook 1.Geology Notes 2.Examples of heat transfer 3.Layers foldable 4.Layers of the planet notes 5.Plate tectonic theory 6.How everything is connected

Unit 4 Constructive/Destructive Forces Let’s fill in the K and the W

 Why are our plate boundaries moving?

1. What do you think causes an earthquake? 2. When do you think Nevada had it’s last earthquake? 3. What do you think is a constructive vs. a destructive force? Today’s Standard: The student will use evidence to explain that the earth’s lithosphere is composed of many plates rather than one continuous piece The student will explain why earthquakes, mountain building, and volcanic eruptions often occur at the boundaries between plates The student will describe the geologic processes that are responsible for the Great Basin region, Lake Tahoe, the Sierra Nevada Mountains, earthquakes in Nevada, Spring Mountain Range, Red Rock Canyon, and Valley of Fire The student will describe how landforms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive processes.

 Yesterday we turned in our Unit 3 notebook, if you were absent you need to turn that in, make sure you fill in the “L”  We also started the Unit 4 notebook, make sure you fill in the K and the W

DateTitlePage # 10/27/15Constructive vs. Destructive Forces1

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Constructive Force Destructive Force A process that raises or builds up the surface features of the Earth. A process that lowers or tears down the surface features of the Earth.

Constructive Force Destructive Force A process that raises or builds up the surface features of the Earth. A process that lowers or tears down the surface features of the Earth.

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 An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.

 Focus: the place on the Earth’s crust where the pressure was released.  Epicenter: the spot on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus.

 A fault is a rock fracture where the two sides have been displaced relative to each other.  An earthquake is what happens when these two blocks of the earth, seemingly stuck together, suddenly slip past one another. The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane.  The slip causes a sudden shaking or vibration in the Earth due to the sudden release of energy from within the Earth.  Let’s try an example, listen as I snap my fingers

 What are faults?

1. What is the difference between a constructive and a destructive force? 2. What is a fault? 3. What is the epicenter? 4. What is the focus? Today’s Standard: The student will use evidence to explain that the earth’s lithosphere is composed of many plates rather than one continuous piece The student will explain why earthquakes, mountain building, and volcanic eruptions often occur at the boundaries between plates The student will describe the geologic processes that are responsible for the Great Basin region, Lake Tahoe, the Sierra Nevada Mountains, earthquakes in Nevada, Spring Mountain Range, Red Rock Canyon, and Valley of Fire The student will describe how landforms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive processes.

DateTitlePage # 10/27/15Constructive vs. Destructive Forces1 10/28/15Types of Faults2

 I am going to demo what each of the faults looks like on land  We are going to make a foldable for each of the types of faults.

47  Watch Bill Nye the Science Guy –Earth Quakes ◦ Answer questions while watching video ◦

 What are the three types of faults?

1. What are the three types of faults we learned about yesterday? 2. Tell the direction the fault moves 3. Tell whether or not we loose or gain crust Today’s Standard: The student will use evidence to explain that the earth’s lithosphere is composed of many plates rather than one continuous piece The student will explain why earthquakes, mountain building, and volcanic eruptions often occur at the boundaries between plates The student will describe the geologic processes that are responsible for the Great Basin region, Lake Tahoe, the Sierra Nevada Mountains, earthquakes in Nevada, Spring Mountain Range, Red Rock Canyon, and Valley of Fire The student will describe how landforms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive processes.

Natural Vibrations of the ground caused by: 1.movement along gigantic fractures in Earth’s crust A.Transform plate boundary B.At a fault 2.volcanic eruptions.

Many buildings in Charleston, South Carolina, were damaged or destroyed by the large earthquake that occurred August 31, Picture from the United States Geological Service

San Francisco, California, Earthquake April 18, East side of Howard Street near Seventeenth Street. All houses shifted toward the left. The tall house dropped from its south foundation wall and leaned against its neighbor Picture from USGS.GOV

Free powerpoint template: San Fernando, California, Earthquake February Collapsed overpass connecting Foothill Boulevard and the Golden State Freeway. Feb 10, Photo by R.E. Wallace, USGS.

 Earthquakes are the Earth's natural means of releasing stress.  Due to the constant motion of the Earth’ plates, this put stress on the edges of the plates.  To relieve this stress, the rocks tend to bend, compress, or stretch. An aerial view of the San Andreas fault in the Carrizo Plain, Central California. Picture from

Free powerpoint template:  If the force is great enough, the rocks will break.  An earthquake is the vibrations produced by the breaking of rock.  Most earthquakes occur near plate boundaries. The Hanshin expressway in Kobe, Japan collapsed due to an earthquake in Picture from

 A fault is a break in a rock across which there is observable movement.  Faults get classified according to the kind of motion that occurs on them. ◦ There are 3 kinds of faults

58  Rock above the fault surface moves downward in relation to rock below the fault surface.  More crust is formed and gets bigger

 Normal Fault - more crust made

Normal Fault

Pyramid Lake in Nevada

 Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America and at 501 meters depth, it is the second deepest. Due to this depth and the faults within the lake, research suggests earthquake-triggered tsunamis could be 10 m high. Lake Tahoe is 2,000,000 years old and was created at a normal fault. Here a block of land being downthrown producing a valley with a distinct scarp mountains on each side.

 This section of the normal fault was produced by the earthquake of October 28, 1983, at Borah Peak, Idaho.

 This fault near Hebgen Lake, Montana, after the magnitude 7.1 earthquake of August 18, 1959, shows a dip-slip movement of 5.5 to 6.0 m.

 the Copper Canyon Turtleback fault in Death Valley. Turtlebacks are smooth, curved surfaces, which form north to northwestward- plunging elongate domes on the east side of Death Valley.

 From this angle it appears as if these layered rocks along the shore in Baja California exhibit a classic normal fault.

68  Reverse faults result from compression forces that squeeze rock.  If rock breaks from forces pushing from opposite directions, rock above a reverse fault surface is forced up and over the rock below the fault surface.

 Reverse Fault- we lose crust

Reverse Fault

A reverse fault in Proterozoic rocks along the Grinnell Glacier trail in Glacier National Park

Examining a thrust fault exposure in Sun Canyon, Montana, south of Glacier National Park

The Keystone Thrust near Las Vegas, NV has pushed the older gray limestone layers over the younger yellow and red Mesozoic layers

High angle fault separating Franciscan chert from graywacke at the Presidio, San Francisco, CA

Reverse fault in the Providence Mountains of the Mojave National Scenic Preserve of California

Free powerpoint template:  At a strike-slip fault, rocks on either side of the fault are moving past each other without much upward or downward movement.  The San Andreas Fault is the boundary between two of Earth’s plates that are moving sideways past each other.

We don’t gain or loose crust

 Rows in the cultivated field west of El Progresso, Guatemala, deformed by the earthquake of February 4, This tree was killed by movement along a strike-slip fault through its center, during the same Guatemala earthquake

San Andreas in California

Along the San Andreas fault in Carrizo Plains National Monument.

What are our three types of faults? And tell me one fact about each fault.