Split projections 2 Nov 26, 2012 – Day 34 Introduction to Syntax ANTH 3590/7590 Harry Howard Tulane University

C OURSE MANAGEMENT I added two sample presentations to the final exam day on the home page. 11/26/12 2 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

R EVIEW S PLIT CP INTO F ORCE, T OPIC, F OCUS 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 3

I NDUCTIVE INTRODUCTION The initial sentence We will never again tolerate atrocities like those. Focus: i. Never again will we tolerate atrocities like those. (~1) ii. I am absolutely convinced that never again will we tolerate atrocities like those. (~3) iii. *I am absolutely convinced never again that will we tolerate atrocities like those. Topicalization: i. Atrocities like those, we will never again tolerate. ii. I am absolutely convinced that atrocities like those, we will never again tolerate. iii. *I am absolutely convinced atrocities like those that we will never again tolerate. Both i. Atrocities like those, never again will we tolerate. ii. *Never again, atrocities like those, will we tolerate. iii. I am absolutely convinced that, atrocities like those, never again will we tolerate. (~7) iv. *I am absolutely convinced that never again, atrocities like those, will we tolerate. v. *I am absolutely convinced, atrocities like those, never again that will we tolerate. 11/26/12 4 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

TP tolerate S PLIT CP IN AN EMBEDDED CLAUSE (8) 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 5 ForceP Force that willweø atrocities like those never again Top’DP ø atrocities like those TopP Top ø FocP AdvP never again Foc' Foc will … I am absolutely convinced that, atrocities like those, never again will we tolerate.

TP tolerate S PLIT CP WITHIN A RELATIVE CLAUSE (10 A, B ) TOPICALIZATION 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 6 … willwe that kind of behaviorin which Force’PP in which ForceP Force ø TopP DP that kind of behavior Top' Top ø A university is the kind of place in which, that kind of behavior, we cannot tolerate.

TP volunteer S PLIT CP WITHIN A COMPLEMENT CLAUSE F OCUS 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 7 would Robin under no/any circumstances why Lee wonders why under any circumstances at all would Robin volunteer Foc' Foc would Force' ForceP Force ø PP why … PP under no/any circumstances FocP

SPLIT TP Radford §8.3 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 8

S UMMARY Radford rejects splitting TP into an Aspect Phrase and a Mood Phrase, in addition to T. He also rejects an early proposal to split of an Agreement Phrase. 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 9

SPLIT VP Radford §8.4 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 10

I NDUCTIVE INTRODUCTION Some data 36a) She rolled the ball down the hill. 36b) She filled the bath with water. etc. What is the constituent structure of such sentences? 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 11

F IRST GUESS : TWO COMPLEMENTS TO V 37) she [ V' [ V rolled] [ DP the ball] [ PP down the hill]] Problem: the ball down the hill forms a constituent for coordination, but it is not a constituent in (37): 38) She rolled [the ball down the hill] and [the acorn up the mountain]. 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 12

S ECOND GUESS : ADJECTIVAL PP she [ V' [ V rolled] [ DP the ball [ PP down the hill]]] Problem: unaccusative (and passive) usages of these verbs * The ball down the hill will roll. The ball will roll down the hill. (39b) * The ball down the hill will be rolled. The ball will be rolled down the hill. 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 13

DP the ball PP down the hill T HIRD GUESS : V SHELL ~ SPLIT VP (47) V IS AN ABSTRACT CAUSATIVE LIGHT VERB, LIKE MAKE 11/26/12 14 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane VP v' vøvø V' V roll vP PRN they roll T’T’ T will TP PRN they ForceP Force Ø V assigns LOCATIVE to its internal argument v assigns AGENT to its external argument V assigns THEME to its external argument thematicagentive

A LOOK AT ADVERBS 49a) They will gently roll the ball down the hill. 49b) They will roll the ball gently down the hill. 53a) He had deliberately rolled the ball gently down the hill. 53b) He had gently rolled the ball deliberately down the hill. 54a) Mary perfectly jumped the horse over the last fence. 54b) Mary jumped the horse perfectly over the last fence. 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 15 * *

A DVERBS CAN ADJOIN TO V' OR V ' Diagram on board 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 16

NEXT TIME Continue §8 11/26/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 17