Chapter 2, Section 5 Roots of Judaism.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2, Section 5 Roots of Judaism

Still a major religion today Roots of Judaism Still a major religion today About 4000 years ago, the ancient Israelites (Hebrews) developed the religion of Judaism Monotheistic Different from all others nearby “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before Me. God to Moses (Hebrew bible)

Israel

Ancient Israelites Israelites also known as Hebrews They were monotheistic The Israelites recorded events and laws in the Torah The Torah, their most sacred text, includes the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy). The Hebrew Bible includes a total of 24 books. Additional laws and customs were written in a much later written text, the Talmud.

The Ancient Israelites According to the Torah, a man by the name of Abraham lived near Ur in Mesopotamia; about 2000 B.C. he and his family migrated to Canaan. He is considered to be the father of the Israelite people The Israelites believe that God made a covenant with Abraham: 1. God declared that He would have a special relationship with Abraham and his descendants 2. God declared Canaan would one day belong to the Israelites. Making Canaan their “promised land” 2 key beliefs in Judaism

Moses An Israelite named Moses later renewed God’s covenant with the Israelites. Many Israelites migrated to Egypt due to famine and became enslaved according to the Book of Genesis. In the Book of Exodus, Moses tells the Israelites that in return for faithful obedience to God, God will lead them out of bondage and into the promised land. Moses leads the Israelites out of bondage and 40 years later they reached Canaan. However, Moses died just before they arrived.

By 1000b.c., Israelites had set up kingdom of Israel The Kingdom of Israel By 1000b.c., Israelites had set up kingdom of Israel Solomon Son of David, followed in his fathers footsteps and turned the city of Jerusalem into an impressive capital. David The Torah tells of 12 separate tribes of Israel that had feuded up until 1000B.C. Then David, a strong and wise king, united these tribes into a single nation.

Israel Under Solomon Solomon’s building projects Required high taxes Lots of forced labor Revolts started after his death in 922 B.C. Revolts lead to a split kingdom Israel in North Judah in South

Israel Under Solomon Independent for 200 years 722 B.C., Assyrians conquered Israel 586 B.C. Babylonians conquered Judah = Jews Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the great temple Forced Israelites into exile ~50 years later, Cyrus the Great defeated Babylonians, freed the Israelites Most stayed and lived under Persian rule

The Ten Commandments At the heart of Judaism are the Ten Commandments, a set of laws that Jews believe God gave to them through Moses.

Judaism Teaches About Law and Morality Still a major religion today Influenced other monotheistic religions, Christianity & Islam. Both honor Abraham, Moses, the prophets & teach ethical world view Law was central to the Israelites Torah included many laws. Cleanliness Food preparation Criminal acts Moral principals Israelite society was patriarchal Throughout history, prophets (such as Jeremiah & Isaiah), emerge to interpret God’s will Remind Jewish people of their duties Taught strong code of ethics (moral standards) Many Jews left Judah & spread around the world (Diaspora)