Unit 3: Road to the Revolution French & Indian War- Trouble with Taxes Jill Ellenburg Sedgefield Middle School- 2015

Part 1: French & Indian War French/British  competing for control over European affairs Britain & France BOTH want western lands of America French  using it for fur trade British  want to expand colonies westward Last in a series of wars between Great Britain and France Known as Seven Years War in Europe Called French & Indian War in colonies because Britain was fighting against France and her Indian allies

French Advantage Organized Central government Alliances with most local Indians 6,600 well-trained troops Forts in GREAT locations Guerilla warfare- Practiced Guerilla warfare- launched surprise attacks on British Troops British Advantage Larger colonial population Superior Navy Alliance with Iroquois Stronger economy

1754  War breaks out Early part of the War  French and Native victories due to guerilla warfare British= face to face combat British colonial troops lost most of the battles in the first 2 years France began to lose Indian allies & British gained some Turning point  British captured Quebec

SC in French/Indian War Little military involvement War contributed to the Cherokee War

War Ends Great Britain wins  become most dominant power in the Americas Treaty of Paris British got all lands east of the Mississippi River Control of ALL of Canada Took Florida from the Spanish Exceptions Louisiana still under French control Spanish had control of the West British didn’t have the money to pay for the war SOLUTION= raise taxes on the colonists

Part II: Trouble with Taxes British accumulated debt from F/I War Thought the colonists should pay off the debt Attempted to impose a series of taxes on colonists

Road to Revolution Sug ar Act Act Stamp Act (march 22) Stamp Act Congress

Sugar Act Required colonists to purchase sugar/molasses from British merchants Britain started cracking down on smuggling Anyone accused of smuggling  tried in a court with British judges NOT colonists Often found guilty  judges got 5% of seized cargo VIOLATED colonists right to jury of peers as stated in the Magna Carta

Reaction to the Stamp Act Boycott (refuse to buy) of British merchandise Stamp Act Congress Meeting of reps from 9 colonies opposing the Stamp Act “No Taxation without Representation” “No Taxation without Representation” SC sends 3 delegates Christopher Gadsden John Rutledge Thomas Lynch Eventually led British to repeal the Stamp Act (March, 1766)

Patriotic group that protested abuses by the British government Used violence to scare away tax collectors Tar & feathering

Christopher Gadsden Leader of the “Sons of Liberty” in SC Boldly spoke out against Stamp Act Boldly encouraged boycotting British goods through persuasion and intimidation Became a leading proponent of going to war with England At Stamp Act Congress, Gadsden expressed his vision of a United America “There Ought to be no New England man, no New Yorker…but all of us AMERICANS”

Townshend Duties A series of new taxes on imported goods Paper, Paint, Glass, Tea Money was used to pay salaries of colonial governors Sons of Liberty began attacking houses of tax collectors Caused G.B to repeal the Townshend duties except the tax on TEA

Boston Tea Party- dec 16, 1773 Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians and raided a docked British Tea Ship Dumped 342 Chests (90,000 lbs.) of tea into the Boston Harbor Cost East India Company thousands of dollars

Charleston Tea Party (Dec 2 nd, 1773) British ship, The HMS London, arrived in Charles Town with 257 chests of tea Assembly decided to store the tea in the basement of the Exchange building Sold it to pay for war costs

Coercive/Intollerable Acts  1. Boston Harbor was shut down until Britain was paid for the tea  2. The Massachusetts gov. shut down  3. Trials against British Soldiers were to be held in England  4. The Quartering Act – Forced Colonists to allow British Soldiers to stay with them if necessary

First Continental Congress All colonies (except Georgia) send delegates to Philadelphia Henry Middleton of SC  elected pres. Of congress Wanted Britain to overturn all laws passed since 1763 If G.B did cooperate, colonies would boycott ALL British goods If GB STILL didn’t cooperate, colonies would STOP shipping American goods to both GB and the Caribbean Islands

Second Continental Congress SC sends 5 delegates: Edward Rutledge Thomas Lynch (was too sick to sign and died before he could) Thomas Lynch, Jr. Arthur Middleton Thomas Heyward, Jr. After much discussion, agreed on a complete split

Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson drafted a document announcing a  DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE The signing led ultimately to the AMERICAN REVOLUTION