Exam Tip of the Day... there will be two multiple choice questions on Anthony King “Running Scared” (in the course readings package)there will be two multiple choice questions on Anthony King “Running Scared” (in the course readings package) Students with last names beginning with A-L will write the mid-term exam in MC All students with last names beginning M-Z will write in DWE 2527.Students with last names beginning with A-L will write the mid-term exam in MC All students with last names beginning M-Z will write in DWE note two new articles (#22 and #25) on course webpage!!note two new articles (#22 and #25) on course webpage!!

Mid-Term Exam – Thurs., Nov.3 two sectionstwo sections –lectures (66%) short paragraph (2x32%)short paragraph (2x32%) –Part A (choose one of two) –Part B (choose one of two) –readings/multimedia (34%) multiple choice (34 questions, 1% each)multiple choice (34 questions, 1% each) –12 questions on textbook readings »approx. 3 questions per chapter –16 questions on newsclippings »one per reading –6 questions on video presentations »one per day

THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS (Cont’d) October 27, 2005

Inside Congress -- Inside the Senate party leadershipparty leadership –Vice President/Presidet Pro Tempore –Majority Leader/Minority Leader

Inside Congress -- Inside the Senate party leadershipparty leadership –Vice President/Presidet Pro Tempore –Majority Leader/Minority Leader –Majority Whip/Minority Whip weak party disciplineweak party discipline

Party Unity – The Senate SENATE SUPPORT RepublicansDemocrats Allard, CO 98% Dayton, MN 99% Helms, NC 98% Reed, RI 99% Kyl, AZ 98% Daschle, SD 98% Lott, MS 98% Kerry, MA 98% McConnell, KY 98% Levin, MI 98%

Party Unity – Senate (Support for Republicans) Highest (D) and Lowest (R) RepublicansDemocrats Chafee, RI 50% Miller, GA 58% Specter, PA 60% Nelson, NB 42% Snowe, ME 64% Breaux, LA 41% Collins, ME 67% Baucus, MT 33% McCain, AZ 67% Cleland, GA 22%

Inside Congress -- Inside the Senate the Senate Atmosphere -- Senatorial Privilegesthe Senate Atmosphere -- Senatorial Privileges Cloture and the FilibusterCloture and the Filibuster record – Thurmond, civil rights, 1957record – Thurmond, civil rights, 1957 McCain/Feingold, McCain/Feingold, federal court justice appointments2003 federal court justice appointments the committee systemthe committee system –important –committee chair term limits (1995)

Inside Congress -- Between the Houses A Congress Divided?A Congress Divided?

Inside Congress -- Between the Houses A Congress Divided?A Congress Divided? Differences between the HousesDifferences between the Houses –electoral time-frames –representational concerns –dynamics of operation balancing different interestsbalancing different interests

Congress and the President Presidential Support in CongressPresidential Support in Congress

Party Unity – House Presidential Support Highest (D) and Lowest (R) RepublicansDemocrats Paul, TX 49% Hall, TX 86% Morella, MD 53% Lucas, KY 81% Leach, IO 60% John, LA 69% Gilman, NY 62% Cramer, AL 67% Ramstad, MN 65% Shows, MS 64%

Party Unity – Senate Presidential Support Highest (D) and Lowest (R) RepublicansDemocrats Chafee, RI 84% Miller, GA 82% Snowe, ME 84% Breaux, LA 77% Specter, PA 87% Landrieu, LA 74% Collins, ME 88% Nelson, NB 74% McCain, AZ 91% Baucus, MT 71%

Congress and the President Presidential Support in CongressPresidential Support in Congress United vs. Divided GovernmentUnited vs. Divided Government –frequency

United and Divided Government, Nixon, Sen.=D, Rep=D Nixon, Sen.=D, Rep=D Nixon, Sen.=D, Rep=D Nixon, Sen.=D, Rep=D Nixon, Sen.=D, Rep=D Nixon, Sen.=D, Rep=D Nixon/Ford, Sen.=D*, Rep=D Nixon/Ford, Sen.=D*, Rep=D Carter, Sen.=D*, Rep=D Carter, Sen.=D*, Rep=D Carter, Sen.=D, Rep=D Carter, Sen.=D, Rep=D Reagan, Sen.=R, Rep=D Reagan, Sen.=R, Rep=D Reagan, Sen.=R, Rep=D Reagan, Sen.=R, Rep=D Reagan, Sen.=R, Rep=D Reagan, Sen.=R, Rep=D Reagan, Sen.=R, Rep=D Bush, Sen.=D, Rep=D Bush, Sen.=D, Rep.=D Clinton, Sen.=D, Rep=D Clinton, Sen.=R, Rep=R Clinton, Sen.=R, Rep=R Clinton, Sen.=R, Rep=R Bush, Sen.=R, Rep=R Bush, Sen.=R, Rep=R *senate supermajority (e.g. 60 senate seats) Total Years=36Total Years Divided Gov’t=26Total Years United Gov’t=10 Total Years United Gov’t (with Senate Supermajority)=4

Congress and the President Presidential Support in CongressPresidential Support in Congress United vs. Divided GovernmentUnited vs. Divided Government –frequency –causes of divided government

Congress and the President Presidential Support in CongressPresidential Support in Congress United vs. Divided GovernmentUnited vs. Divided Government –frequency –causes of divided government non-synchronized electionsnon-synchronized elections

Congress and the President Presidential Support in CongressPresidential Support in Congress United vs. Divided GovernmentUnited vs. Divided Government –frequency –causes of divided government non-synchronized electionsnon-synchronized elections different basis of representationdifferent basis of representation

Congress and the President Presidential Support in CongressPresidential Support in Congress United vs. Divided GovernmentUnited vs. Divided Government –frequency –causes of divided government non-synchronized electionsnon-synchronized elections different basis of representationdifferent basis of representation split-ticket votingsplit-ticket voting

Congress and the President Presidential Support in CongressPresidential Support in Congress United vs. Divided GovernmentUnited vs. Divided Government –frequency –causes of divided government –effects of divided vs. united government

Congress and the President Presidential Support in CongressPresidential Support in Congress United vs. Divided GovernmentUnited vs. Divided Government –frequency –causes of divided government –effects of divided vs. united government

Presidential Vetoes and Congressional Overrides

Congressional Override of Presidential Veto

Clinton (2)Clinton (2) –line-item veto of appropriations for 38 military construction projects –tort reform bill

Congress and the President Main Point!Main Point! –the degree to which Congress and the President have to work together is determined politically public demands that Congress and President work together!public demands that Congress and President work together!

Congress -- Main Point! the American Constitution deliberately makes it difficult to get legislation passedthe American Constitution deliberately makes it difficult to get legislation passed –the two houses of Congress are designed to act as a check on each other –Congress acts as a check on Presidency and vice versa the effect is that less gets donethe effect is that less gets done –however, to get things done requires a broad consensus politics demands that the two Houses and two branches (Congress and Presidency) work toegherpolitics demands that the two Houses and two branches (Congress and Presidency) work toegher