By: Mrs. H. Thomas
* Narrative * Ballad * Didactic * Elegy * Epic * Lyric * Ode
* Non – Dramatic poem which tells a story, whether simple or complex, long or short.
* Narrative poem composed of quatrains. (May use refrains).
* A poem that teaches a lesson.
* A sustained and formal poem that discusses the author’s feelings on the death of another.
* Long, narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero. * Usually chronicle the origins of a civilization and embody its central values.
* Short poem with a single speaker who shares thoughts or feelings.
* A long, stately poem in stanzas of varied length, meter, and form. * Usually discusses an exalted subject.
* Couplet * Tercet * Quatrain * Sestet * Octave * Sonnet
* 2 Lines of Successive Rhyme I go to school every day. * Ex) I go to school every day. Afterward, I go play. Afterward, I go play.
* 3 Line Stanza He had seen a lot of gloom. * Ex) He had seen a lot of gloom. He chose to stay in his room, He chose to stay in his room, where he would never bloom. where he would never bloom.
* 4 Line Stanza There once was a kid who stared at the clock * Ex) There once was a kid who stared at the clock Waiting for school to be out. Waiting for school to be out. And when it did he would shout And when it did he would shout As he ran home around the block. As he ran home around the block.
* 6 Line Stanza The sun was shining on the sea, * Ex) The sun was shining on the sea, Shining with all his might; Shining with all his might; He did his very best to make He did his very best to make The billows smooth and bright— The billows smooth and bright— And this was odd, because it was And this was odd, because it was The middle of the night. The middle of the night.
* 8 Line Stanza O CAPTAIN! My Captain! Out fearful trip is done; The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won; The port is near, the balls I hear, the people all exulting: While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: But O heart! heart! Heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Capatin lies, Fallen cold and dead.
* 14 Line Poem
* Structure * Diction * Enjambme nt * Stanza * Refrain * Syntax * Tone * Theme
* Arrangement of materials within a work.
* The use of words in a literary work. * Levels of Diction * Formal or High * Formal or High – Proper, elevated, elaborate, and often polysyllabic language. * Neutral or Middle * Neutral or Middle – Correct language characterized by directness and simplicity * Informal or Low * Informal or Low - Relaxed, conversational, and familiar language.
* A line having no end punctuation but running to the next line. We real cool. We * Ex) We real cool. We Left school. Left school.
* Usually a repeated grouping of three or more lines with the same meter and rhyme scheme.
* Group of words forming a phrase or sentence and consisting of one or more lines repeated at intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza.
* Ordering of words into patterns or sentences. * Sometimes, poets change the usual word order of a sentence to change the emphasis.
* Manner in which an author expresses his or her attitude. * Created through the use of adjectives.
* The main thought expressed by a work.
* Rhyme * Alliteration * Assonance * Consonance * Onomatopoeia
* Repetition of identical concluding syllables in different words. * Usually at the end of a line.
* Repetition of identical consonant sounds. * Usually at the beginning of words and in close proximity.
* Assonance * Assonance - Repetition of identical vowel sounds in different words in close proximity. * Ex) deep green sea * Consonance * Consonance – Partial or total repetition of consonants in words whose main vowels differ. * Ex) shadow and meadow; pressed and passed
* Blending of consonant and vowel sounds designed to imitate or suggest the activity being described.
* Rhyme * Rhythm * Meter * Free verse * Heroic couplet * Eye rhyme * End stopped * Blank verse * Internal rhyme
* Recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables.
* Repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry. * Emphasizes the musical quality of the language and relates directly to the subject matter of the poem.
* Poetry which is not written in a traditional meter but is still rhythmical.
* Two end-stopped iambic pentameter lines rhymed aa, bb, cc. * The thought is usually completed in two lines. Example: The man who watched the sheep, Would not let them sleep. Would not let them sleep.
* Rhyme that appears correct from spelling, but does not rhyme from the pronunciation. Example: match and watch love and move
* Line ending in a full pause, usually indicated with proper punctuation. Example: Oh, I kept the first for another day!
* Unrhymed lines of poetry.
* Rhyme that occurs within a line, rather than at the end. Example: Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary,
* Allusion * Antithesis * Metaphor * Irony * Similie * Hyperbole * Imagery * Oxymoron * Personificati on * Satire
* Reference in a work of literature to something outside the work, especially to a well-known historical or literary event, person, or work.
* Figure of speech characterized by strongly contrasting words, clauses, sentences, or ideas. Example: The hungry judges soon the sentence sign, And wretches hang that jury-men may dine.
* Comparing two things without using ‘like,’ ‘as,’ or ‘than.’
* Contrast between actual meaning and the suggestion of another meaning. * Sarcasm
* Comparing two things using ‘like,’ ‘as,’ or ‘than.’
* Deliberate, extravagant, and often outrageous exaggeration.
* Images of a literary work created through the sensory details in a work.
* Form of paradox that combines a pair of contrary terms into a single expression. Example: ‘sad joy’
* Wording that gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human characteristics. Example: The sun was smiling down on them.
* Writing that seeks to arouse a reader’s disapproval of an object by ridicule.