Chapter 4 Tissues. Four Tissue Types Epithelia Connective Muscle Nervous.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 4 Tissues

Four Tissue Types Epithelia Connective Muscle Nervous

Epithelia Cell Shapes 1.Squamous 2.Cuboidal 3.Columnar Arrangement 1.Simple 2.Stratified 3.Pseudostratified

Characteristics of Epithelia Apical surface Basal surface Basement membrane Avascular Highly mitotic Minimal neural connections

Simple Squamous Primary locations: air sacs of lungs, blood vessels, lymph vessels, etc.

Simple Cuboidal Primary locations: kidney tubules, glands, and ducts.

Simple Columnar Epithelium Locations: digestive tract, gallbladder, some ducts and glands.

Simple Columnar Epithelium with cilia Locations: small bronchi and uterine tubules

Stratified Squamous Epithelium Locations: skin, mouth, esophagus, and vagina.

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Transitional Epithelium Locations: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of urethra.

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Locations: trachea and most of upper respiratory tract.

Endocrine Glands

Exocrine Glands Merocrine – chemical release – salivary glands. Apocrine – Pinch off portions of cells – Mammary glands Holocrine – slough off the whole cell – sebaceous glands.

Connective Tissues Contain a matrix Some contain fibers Have a variety of functional cells Most are vascular Most have neural connections

Areolar Connective Location: under epithelia, mucous membranes and surrounds capillaries

Adipose Connective Location: everywhere

Dense Regular Connective Location: tendons and ligaments

Reticular Connective Location: lymph organs like spleen, nodes, and bone marrow.

Dense Irregular Connective Makes up capsules for organs and joints and also in dermis

Elastic (Dense) Connective Walls of large arteries, in ligaments around spine and in walls of bronchii

Hyaline Cartilage Forms most of embryonic skeleton, ends of long bones, costal cartilages, nose, trachea, and larynx.

Fibrocartilage Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis and discs of knee joint.

Elastic Cartilage External ear and epiglottis

Bone

Blood Erythrocytes, Leukocytes & Thrombocytes)

Membranes Mucous Serous Synovial

Muscles Tissue Types Skeletal (striated) Cardiac Smooth

Striated Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Nervous Tissue

Smooth Muscle Found mostly in the walls of hollow organs

Terms to Know Adenoma Autoimmune disease Lupus Marfan’s syndrome Atrophy Hypertrophy Tissue rejection Xenotransplantation Adhesions Keloid

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