AthensSparta What is a Polis? What is a Polis? Time to go! Time to go!

 What is a City-State? Which of these places are city-states, or polises?

 The idea of citizenship was developed in the Greek city states.  Polis: City State, similar to a tiny, independent country  Every polis had a main gathering area, usually safe from invaders and atop a hill. This area was called an acropolis.  The acropolis was also a religious center to honor the gods and goddesses of Greek culture. acropolis The Polis What did the center of the polis look like? Click to find out. What did the center of the polis look like? Click to find out. Click to enlarge!

  Only men were free citizens in Athens.  Women : Athenian women could not inherit or own much property. They could not vote or attend the Assembly. Most could not even choose their own husbands.  Slaves : There were many slaves in ancient Athens. Most Athenians who weren’t poor owned at least one slave. Some people were born into slavery. Others were forced into slavery as captives of war. Athenian Citizenship

  Named after the Goddess, Athena  Location: Central Greece  Only 4 miles away from Aegean Sea  Birthplace of Democrac y  A people of travelers  Click to see the map of Athenssee the map Athens Life In Athens Democracy Blooms Economy

 Where is Athens? To proceed, click the map

  Ruled by land-owning nobles (oligarchy) during the 600s BCE  Becomes a democracy in 500 BCE  Only free men can participate in politics (over 18) Democracy Grows in Athens Council of 500

  Council of 500: in Athens, a group of 500 citizens (men) chosen to form a council responsible for running the day-to-day business of governmentmen  Met every single day!  Must be 30+ years  Come up with ideas for laws, but only ideas  the ideas then go to the Assembly of Athens Council of 500

 School Life in Athens  Boys became citizens, so they went to Athenian Schools -Students learned reading, writing, arithmetic -Sports -Music:  Lyre -Belief: Boys should have a healthy body and intelligent mind -Military training age 18  Stayed at home -Learned how to “keep house”  spinning, weaving, cooking -Few of wealthy were sent to school and learned how to play the Lyre -Wealthy: arranged marriages around age 15 -Poor: more choice in marriage Boys Girls How would life for boys and girls be different today?

 Athenian Economy  Economy based on trade  Sold: Honey, olive oil, silver, beautifully painted pottery   Bought: lettuce, onions, foods, furniture, clay oil lamps Agora: the marketplace where merchants sold goods What about citizenship in Athens? What about citizenship in Athens?

 Located on a hill for Fortification (400 ft) Temple for worship and central city activities

  Dramatically different from Athens  Emphasis on military power and physical strength Sparta Life in Sparta Spartan Government Economy Click to see a map

 Spartan Map

 BoysGirls School Life in Sparta  Boys grew up with one goal: to be a brave soldier -Begin training for battle at age 7, and no retiring from military training until 60! -In school, you learned how to suffer without complaining  Girls also learned military training at age 7 -Wrestling -Boxing -Racing and gymnastics How did life differ for adults?

  Oligarchy  The Council of Elders  2 most important things to the Oligarchs:  Military power  Keeping the oligarchy in place Spartan Government Council of Elders: small group of Spartans who made all the important governing decisions -- at least 60 years old -- Men only -- Noble heritage/Aristocrats -- Served for life

  Simple life – no decorations, plain clothing  What matters most: Strength, health Spartan Life Spartan women actually had more rights than most Greek women, because husbands were usually out at war. Women could own property and marry someone else if their husband was away for a long time in war. Sometimes Spartans declared war on rebellious, unruly helots (don’t know what a helot is yet? Click here).don’t know what a helot is yet? Click here Some helots could marry whomever they wanted, sell crops, and pass their name along future generations.

  Relied on farming and conquests of other people  Fertile soil, but not a lot of it  Took land from neighboring city-states and villages  Conquered villagers became slaves called helots helots  Discouraged trade so that Spartans would not receive new ideas that could weaken the government. Spartan Economy If you’re not Spartan, and you’re in Sparta…watch out.

 Helots  Allowed to live in own villages  Give almost all food grown to Sparta Helots and Noncitizens Non-Citizens  Free, but not Spartan  May participate in military…but no government.  Creators of shoes, soldiers’ cloaks, iron tools like knives, spears; pottery

 1.What is a city-state? 2.How did you see governments in the city-states? 3.Who are these two figures in the picture? By looking at the cartoon to the left, what predictions can you make about what will happen when these cultures interact? Parting Thoughts