11.2 Blood: A Fluid Tissue Pages

Function of Blood Delivers oxygen to cells Delivers nutrients to cells Collects wastes away from cells

Components Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma

90% water Dissolved O 2, CO 2, glucose, vitamins and minerals, wastes Proteins: albumins, globulins and fibrinogen. Dissolve ions Na +, K +, Ca 2+, Cl -, and HCO 3 -

Albumins Control water levels in the blood

Globulins Transport lipids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E and K), some minerals Immunoglobulins (antibodies)

Fibrinogen Role in blood clotting

Serum Plasma with fibrinogen and clotting factors

Erythrocytes Red blood cells Biconcave disks 135 RBC’s per mm Formed from stem cells in bone marrow No nucleus in mature cells Lifespan 120 days Liver and spleen break RBC’s down

Leukocytes White blood cells nucleus Granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) kill bacteria Agranular leukocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes) engulf bacteria Pus

Granules

Platelets Protection Produced in the bone marrow Blood clotting Platelets and fibrinogen form clot

Blood Count Hemocytometer Anemia (low RBC coun t)

Plasma Plasma 55-58% Water 91-92% Plasma proteins 7-8% Dissolved things 1-2%

Cells Platelets per microlitre Leukocytes Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes/macrophages Eosinophils Basophils Erythrocytes

Blood Types Markers A and B Type A…marker A Type B…marker B Type AB…marker A & B Type O…no marker

Immune response Transfusions of blood with a different marker causes an immune response

Rhesus Factor 85% are Rh-positive

Artificial Blood HBOC hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers PFCEperfluorocarbon emulsions