Chapter 3 section 1 States of Matter

Solids - Solids- Solids- have a definite (exact) shape and definite volume. ex: your science book has a cubed shape and has a volume (L x W x H) of =____, and is a solid. Why a volcano picture in your book?

Particles of a solid The particles of a solid are packed tightly together, and each particle is set in 1 position. Their movement is small, they can only vibrate. (It’s like a school of fish they all move together) Ex: hit the table Push your knuckles together, this is how solid particles move.

Types of Solids Crystalline solids- Crystalline solids- solids that are formed with regular particle pattern. ◦ Crystalline solids melt at the same temperature. (ex: salt, sugar, snow) Amorphous solids- Amorphous solids- solids that form NO regular pattern. (ex: plastics, rubber, glass) ◦ Does not melt at distinct temperature. ◦ How do crystalline and amorphous solids differ?

Particles in a liquid Particles in a liquid liquid Particles in a liquid are as tightly packed as solid particles the DIFFERENCE is that liquid particles can collide and move past one another. Liquid particles have more amount of movement than solids. ◦ Move your hands as if you were washing them under water. This is the manner in which liquid particles move amongst each other. Fluid- Fluid- substance that flows. Liquids are fluid.

Properties of Liquid Surface tension Surface tension ◦ An inward pull among molecules of a liquid that bring the molecules on the surface closer together. Viscosity- a liquid’s resistance to flowing. Viscosity- a liquid’s resistance to flowing. ◦ Depends on the particles size, shape and attraction to other particles. HIGH VISCOSITY- slow flowing.  Ex of HIGH VISCOSITY- Honey, syrup. Oil, candle wax, etc.  Ex of LOW VISCOSITY- water, vinegar,

Gases Gas Gas- can change volume very easily. Like a liquid gas is a fluid. Ex: While breathing gas takes many shapes. Gas particles collide frequently and are free to move independently

Liquids liquid A liquid has a definite volume but has no shape of its own. (It takes on the shape of their container) Liquids, just like solids, have a definite volume. ◦ Example you have 16 oz. of soda in a can pour it all into your glass and you still have 16 oz. of soda. But, does the shape remain the same?

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.Chapter 10/9 States of Matter in particle form