WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? Introduction to Psychology. What it is and isn’t Psychology – the discipline concerned with behavior and mental processes and how.

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WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? Introduction to Psychology

What it is and isn’t Psychology – the discipline concerned with behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment.  Examples ( gambling, learning a language, remembering) 3 Things that Psychology is NOT 1. Pseudoscience ( false science) ex. Talk shows 2. Less or non-scientific studies (astronomy) 3. Just “common sense”

Answer Intro Questions Judgmental Heuristics – mental shortcuts that we employ in making our everyday judgments.  Click, whirr responding vs. Controlled responding  Example Psychology of Spending  "The more transparent the payment outflow, the greater the aversion to spending, or higher the 'pain of paying.” Journal of Experimental Psychology  Cash is viewed as the most transparent form of payment.

The Evolution of Psychology An ancient history of questioning, describing, understanding, predicting  Hippocrates accurately identified the brain as the center of emotions  Phrenology in the early 1800’s (a classic pseudoscience) An illustration from Thomas Sewall's 1837 lectures on phrenology showing the use of the craniometer. Originally intended for the determination of personality, its use was eventually confined to the measurement of intelligence and assessment of "racial characteristics". (Academy of Medicine, Toronto)

The Father of Psychology (Wilhelm Wundt)  Established the 1 st Psychological laboratory in 1879  Developed a scientific method called trained introspection  The careful, systematic self-observation of one’s own conscious experience.  Significance = scientific beginnings Functionalism – an early approach that was based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather that its structure  William James strongly influenced by Charles Darwin Psychoanalysis – attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior  Sigmund Freud – He was convinced that the physical and social ills that his patients had mental causes not physical one.

Famous Studies Solomon Asch – Conformity Pavlov’s Dogs Harry Harlow Monkey Experiment Stanley Milgram Albert Bandura – Bobo Doll B.F. Skinner – Operant Conditioning John B. Watson – Little Albert Rosenhan Experiment Festinger – Cognitive Dissonance