NextPrevious Ethics: The Study of Right and Wrong The Ancients (5th-4th Centuries BC) –Socrates, Plato, Aristotle The Moderns (17th-19th Centuries) –Descartes, Hume, Kant Contemporary Schools(20th Century) –Positivism, Existentialism, Pragmatism

NextPrevious Lowell Kleiman Descriptive Ethics: The Study of Actual Codes of Conduct History Cross-Cultural Anthropology Ethnic Studies Instructions: Delete sample document icon and replace with working document icons as follows: Create document in Word. Return to PowerPoint. From Insert Menu, select Object… Click “Create from File” Locate File name in “File” box Make sure “Display as Icon” is checked. Click OK Select icon From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings. Click “Object Action” and select “Edit” Click OK

NextPrevious Lowell Kleiman Normative Ethics: The Study of the Universally Valid Code of Conduct –Ethnocentrism There is a Universally Valid Code. We have it. –The Ethnocentric Fallacy Error of Judging Others By Standard Not Their Own Mathematics as a Normative Model –Mathnocentrism –The Mathnocentric Fallacy? –Moral Skepticism Metaphysical Certainty Common Sense Fallibility Instructions: Delete sample document icon and replace with working document icons as follows: Create document in Word. Return to PowerPoint. From Insert Menu, select Object… Click “Create from File” Locate File name in “File” box Make sure “Display as Icon” is checked. Click OK Select icon From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings. Click “Object Action” and select “Edit” Click OK

NextPrevious Ethical Theory Religious Authoritarianism –It is right if sanctioned by deity. –Is something right because God says so, or does God say so because it is right? Individualism –Egotism If it suits me, it is right. –Egoism If it suits the agent, it is right. –The Prisoner’s Dilemma –Morality as a set of agreements that optimize, not maximize, self-interest.

NextPrevious Ethical Theory (Cont.) Utilitarianism –Act It is right if it leads to more good than harm. –Rule It is right if it leads to more good than harm as a rule. Traditional Moralism –Established Morality It is right if it is the custom.

NextPrevious Ethical Theory (Cont.) Traditional Moralism (Cont.) –The Categorical Imperative If it is right, it is universalizable; It treats others as an end-in-themselves, not just as a means to an end; It is motivated by a sense of duty defined by the moral law. Pragmatism –If, at the end of inquiry, we say it is right, it is right. –From moral skepticism to common sense fallibilism as practical necessity.

NextPrevious Applied Ethics Biomedical Business Legal Science Virtual (Computer) Ethics

NextPrevious Lowell Kleiman MetaEthics: The Study of the Foundations of Normative Ethics Subjectivism Morality as in the eye of the beholder. Objectivism Morality as a matter of fact. Positivism Morality as venting. Instructions: Delete sample document icon and replace with working document icons as follows: Create document in Word. Return to PowerPoint. From Insert Menu, select Object… Click “Create from File” Locate File name in “File” box Make sure “Display as Icon” is checked. Click OK Select icon From Slide Show Menu, Select Action Settings. Click “Object Action” and select “Edit” Click OK