Tara Levine, Bridget Sanelli, Madeline Stenken Block 3 AP Statistics

Class Activity  Groups of four or five  Design a shirt that represents the mood we assign you (color and design- wise)  Make it what you would wear when you feel this mood  Just write it on the shirt  Make a conclusion– do you think your mood really affects your shirt color?

Background  Many studies showing color can affect mood, but can mood affect color?  Color Psychology:  “…color can alter moods, influence behavior, and even cause physical reactions -- like raising your blood pressure or suppressing your appetite” (findarticles.com)  Warm colors (reds, oranges yellows) evoke feelings of warmth and comfort (Cherry)  Cool colors associated with sadness (Cherry)

BUT, Does Mood Affect Color Choice?

Description  Wanted to see if the “myth” that shirt color reflects mood is true  Observed association (or lack thereof) of:  Shirt color and mood  Shirt design and gender  Mood and lunch time  Shirt color and gender  Testing independence for all variables

Procedure  Went to lunches (A, B, C, and D)  SRS of lunch tables from cafeteria map– assigned tables numbers  Made data table with categories  Which lunch, gender, shirt color, shirt type, shirt design, and mood  Went to about four or five tables per lunch and surveyed about six per table  Tried to survey around people per lunch

Procedure Continued  Data Table  Mood: happy, unhappy, tired, or content  Shirt type: Long sleeved, short sleeved, or sweatshirt  Shirt Design: Brand (includes school, colleges, brands, bands, and phrases…), Pattern, Plain, and Sports

Procedure- Tests  Chi Square Test of Independence  Shirt color and mood  Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and mood.  Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and mood.  Shirt Design and gender  Ho: There is no relationship between shirt design and gender.  Ha: There is a relationship between shirt and gender.

Procedure- Tests Continued  Mood and Lunch time  Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time.  Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time.  Shirt color and gender  Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time.  Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time.

Shirt Color Distribution Analysis: The most popular shirt color at south is black. Shirt colors are not equally distributed throughout the school because certain colors are more predominantly worn.

Mood and Shirt Color Content: 34.61% of the students who are content were wearing black, 0% of students were wearing brown or pink. Happy: 19.44% of students who are happy were wearing blue or grey, 0% of students were wearing pink. Tired: Most students that were tired were wearing grey (41.67%), 0% of students were wearing brown, green, navy, pink, or purple Unhappy: 37.50% of unhappy students were wearing black, 0% were wearing brown, green, or purple

Gender Sample was pretty evenly distributed between males and female; the majority was males

Gender and Shirt Color Analysis: The majority of females were wearing black or grey (23.68%). None were wearing brown. The majority of males were wearing black (28.85%). None were wearing pink or purple. Black and grey are common between both genders.

Mood and Gender Analysis: Most females were happy (36.84%). Many were also content (34.21%) and the least amount of females were tired (10.53%). The same goes for the males too, 42.31% were happy, 25% were content, 15.38% were tired.

Mood and Lunch A lunch: Most students were tired (58.33%), only one person said content B lunch: Most students were content (46.15%), only a couple people said tired C lunch: Most students were happy (44.44%), only one person said tired D lunch: Most students were content (42.31%), only a couple people said tired

Conclusion from Exploratory Data  The most popular shirt color at South is black  Most students, when asked at lunch, are happy (40%)  Content: 28.89%, Unhappy: 17.78%, Tired: 13.33%  Black and grey shirts are popular among males and females  As the day goes on, students in lunch become less tired and unhappy to happier and content

Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and mood. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and mood. χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Mood

Conditions χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Mood 1.Categorical Data 2.SRS 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 1.Shirt color and mood are categorical data 2.SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence

χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Mood = + +… = P(χ2>27.28/ df= 27)=0.45 Conclusion We fail to reject the Ho because the p-value of 0.45 is greater than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no relationship between shirt color and mood. Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and mood. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and mood.

Ho: There is no relationship between shirt design and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt design and gender. χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Design & Gender

Conditions χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Design & Gender 1.Categorical Data 2.SRS 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 1.Shirt design and gender are categorical data 2.SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence

χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Design & Gender = + +… = P(χ2>4.662/ df= 3)=0.2 Conclusion We fail to reject the Ho because the p-value of 0.2 is greater than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no relationship between shirt design and gender. Ho: There is no relationship between shirt design and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt design and gender.

Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and gender. χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Gender

Conditions χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Gender 1.Categorical Data 2.SRS 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 1.Shirt color and gender are categorical data 2.SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence

χ2 Test of Independence: Shirt Color & Gender = + +… = P(χ2>9.905/ df= 9)=0.36 Conclusion We fail to reject the Ho because the p-value of 0.36 is greater than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is no relationship between shirt color and gender. Ho: There is no relationship between shirt color and gender. Ha: There is a relationship between shirt color and gender.

Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time. Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time. χ2 Test of Independence: Mood & Lunch Time

Conditions χ2 Test of Independence: Mood and Lunch Time 1.Categorical Data 2.SRS 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 1.Mood and Lunch are categorical data 2.SRS of lunch tables in each lunch was taken 3.All expected cell counts ≥5 Not all conditions met, continue test anyway: χ 2 Distribution χ2 Test of Independence

χ2 Test of Independence: Mood and Lunch Time = + +… =26.46 P(χ2>26.46/ df= 9)= Conclusion We reject the Ho because the p-value of is less than α=.05. We have sufficient evidence that there is a relationship between mood and lunch time. Ho: There is no relationship between mood and lunch time. Ha: There is a relationship between mood and lunch time.

Application Since we know the only dependent test was between mood and lunch (the p-value is less than alpha, 0.05, so it’s significant), we can observe how our friends might act based on their lunch time.

Bias and Error  Categories  Had to group them so we didn’t have so many categories that we couldn’t compare them  Example: if someone said “stressed” or “apathetic,” we considered them “unhappy”  Example: bands and phrases were included in “brand”  By D lunch, we knew our categories & told the people we surveyed, so they had more narrow options

Bias and Error Continued  Friends often influenced others at their tables when saying “mood”  Or, if didn’t know us, may have felt uncomfortable being honest  Also, our own friends– affects mood and willingness and goofiness  Should have just done one person per table? Too difficult to get good sample size  Didn’t record people who didn’t want to respond– could have made that a separate option for “mood,” maybe  Shirt color– if more than one shirt or predominant color  Shirt design–if more than one design or cardigans, layers, etc.

Bias and Error Continued  Only surveyed people on one day  Only surveyed teens 10 th - 12 th grade (no adults)  Only surveyed in school– different even if with different lunchtimes at work or other schools?

Personal Opinions/ Conclusions  Surprised mood really doesn’t affect shirt color from what our data tells us  Could have made surveying more accurate  Different/ wider population  Different way to survey  Papers  Website– but that’d result in voluntary bias  Pull people aside to avoid friend influence– awkward and intimidating?

Question and Answer

Works Cited  Cherry, Kendra. "Color Psychology." About.com. The New York Times Company, n.d. Web. 9 Jan  Lucia, Lynn Santa. "Color power: how much can the color of the shirt you wear, the food you eat, and the walls you surround yourself with affect you? A lot more than you may think." CBS Moneywatch. Bnet, May Web. 9 Jan