Chapter 9, Section 1 The Republicans Take Power (ISN pp )

The Election of 1800 Federalist- John Adams Democratic-Republicans- Thomas Jefferson for President and Aaron Burr for VP Federalists claimed that Jefferson was “godless” Democratic-Republicans claimed that the Federalists would bring back the monarchy

Election Deadlock Jefferson and Burr tied with 73 votes The House of Reps decides the winner in case of a tie After Hamilton convinced one Federalist to vote for Jefferson, Jefferson became President, which meant Burr became VP The 12 th amendment was then passed that required the president and VP to run on separate ballots

Jefferson’s Inauguration Adams did not attend Jefferson’s inauguration In his speech, Jefferson tried to bridge the gap between Federalists and Democratic Republicans He was a supporter of states’ rights He believed in “laissez-faire” which means let the people do as they choose

Jefferson’s Policies Jefferson believed the strength of the United States was in its independent farmers So he favored expanding the nation to acquire more land He wanted to keep the federal government small and reduce the size of the military

Jefferson’s Cabinet Secretary of State- James Madison Secretary of Treasury- Albert Gallatin The new government allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire and repealed the Naturalization Act They thought these acts violated individual liberties

Cutting Costs To decrease national debt, Jefferson: 1. cut the army by 1/3 2. reduced the navy from 25 to 7 ships 3. repealed all internal (American) taxes, like the whiskey tax Now, the govt funds would come from customs duties

Judiciary Act of 1801 Right before Jefferson took office, Adams made hundreds of appointments of judges, last minute! He appointed John Marshall to be the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court This ensured the Federalists would control the Judicial Branch for a long time

Marbury v. Madison Madison stopped the commission from being delivered to William Marbury Marbury sued for his commission

Marbury v. Madison Judicial Review: A. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land B. When there is a conflict between the Constitution and any other law, the Constitution must be followed C. The Judicial Branch has the duty to uphold the Constitution