The Renaissance (The Elizabethan Period) A movement from Middle English to Modern English -Mrs. Plaia/English 12

The Renaissance…  Definition: Rebirth!  It was a rebirth or renewed interest in writings of ancient Greece and Rome

What is a renaissance man?  Someone in modern times who is energetic and productive…  Leondardo da Vinci  Galileo

King Henry VIII…Renaissance Man!  Musician  Author  Christian  Poet  Well read  Politician  Sportsman – jousting, tennis  Spoke many languages

Before Henry was king… The War of the Roses…  King Edward III is the last Plantagenet king of England. (Plantagenet is a family name.)  Only five of his seven sons survive. Their heirs end up fighting for the throne of England.  Their struggle became a civil war known as The War of the Roses.

The War of the Roses… For thirty years, a bitter struggle for the English throne was waged between two branches of the same family: the House of York and the House of Lancaster were both descended from King Edward III. Each house was represented by a rose.

Edward Plantagenet’s Sons 1. Edward the Black Prince 2. Lionel Duke of Clarence 3. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster 4. Edmund 1 st Duke of York 5. Thomas of Woodstock

 After the battle, Henry Tudor was crowned as King Henry VII, marking the beginning of the 118-year reign of the Tudor dynasty in England. The current Queen is a descendent of Henry VIII’s sister Margaret. She is known as Her Royal Highness Queen Elizabeth IIKing Henry VII (Elizabeth Windsor). The Tudor Dynasty…

 Henry Vll (representing the Lancaster family) married Elizabeth of York (representing the York family). This marriage united the two families. Henry created the Tudor rose, containing both the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster. It symbolized the end of a struggle between York and Lancaster.

King Henry VIII - Never forgot his history and the War of the Roses! Believed it was his duty to secure the Tudor line of succession by having a son carry on… BORN: June 28, 1491 DIED: January 28, 1547 SUCCEEDED to the throne: April 21, 1509  Reigned for 38 years!

Henry VIII – Surprising Events  Began a new branch of the Christian church called the Church of England or the Anglican Church – now called Protestants  Six Wives  His three children all ruled England after his death

The Pope vs Henry VIII The Vatican

What is the history behind the Church of England?  Catharine of Aragon (royal daughter of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain)  Married to Henry for over 20 years – they had one child - Mary Tudor  King wanted a male heir  Lady Anne Boleyn – Mother of Elizabeth Tudor

Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon m Divorced Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn m Beheaded Jane Seymour Jane Seymour m Died Anne of Cleves Anne of Cleves m Jan. - July Divorced Kathryn Howard Kathryn Howard m Beheaded Katherine Parr Katherine Parr m Widowed (lived)

'My Lord, if it were not to satisfy the world, and My Realm, I would not do that I must do this day for none earthly thing.' Henry VIII to Cromwell on his wedding day to Anne of Cleves 'My Lord, if it were not to satisfy the world, and My Realm, I would not do that I must do this day for none earthly thing.' Henry VIII to Cromwell on his wedding day to Anne of Cleves 'My Lord, if it were not to satisfy the world, and My Realm, I would not do that I must do this day for none earthly thing.' Henry VIII to Cromwell on his wedding day to Anne of Cleves 'My Lord, if it were not to satisfy the world, and My Realm, I would not do that I must do this day for none earthly thing.' Henry VIII to Cromwell on his wedding day to Anne of Cleves “My Lord, if it were not to satisfy the world, and My Realm, I would not do that I must do this day for none earthly thing.” Henry VIII to Cromwell on his wedding day to Anne of Cleves This picture made him select her!

Succession to the crown…  The First and Second Succession Act of Henry VIII's reign were passed by the Parliament of England.Henry VIII's  They declared Henry's daughters Mary and Elizabeth to be illegitimate.Mary  As a result, Henry was left without a legitimate heir until Prince Edward was born in 1537.Prince Edward  The succession was subsequently changed by the Third Succession Act, which returned both Mary and Elizabeth to the line of succession. Legally, they were still illegitimate. Third Succession Act

Edward VI – the heir  EDWARD VI RULED FOR ONLY SIX YEARS, BEGINNING AT 9 YEARS OF AGE.  HE DIED OF TUBERCULOSIS AT AGE 15.

Bloody Mary  MARY RULED FOR FIVE YEARS. SHE BECAME KNOWN AS “BLOODY MARY” BECAUSE SHE RE- ESTABLISHED CATHOLICISM AND WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MURDER OF POWERFUL PROTESTANTS WHO REFUSED TO CONVERT TO CATHOLICISM.

Elizabeth  ELIZABETH I (Gloriana, Good Queen Bess, The Virgin Queen) RULED ENGLAND FOR 45 YEARS. SHE WAS KNOWN AS THE VIRGIN QUEEN BECAUSE SHE NEVER MARRIED. SHE RESTORED THE PROTESTANT CHURCH.

Elizabeth…last Queen of England. The Golden Age of literature and drama

Shakespeare’s Theater  Queen Elizabeth was an avid fan of the theatre and often attended plays. She was a patron of Shakespeare’s plays.  When she died without an heir, she left her kingdom to her second cousin, James VI of Scotland. He became James I of England. He called himself the King of Britain.  He was the son of Mary Stuart (Elizabeth’s first cousin), who was the daughter of Henry VIII’s sister - (new line of succession).  It is ironic that James I inherited the throne of England, because Queen Elizabeth had his mother beheaded.

King of Britain – James I  Ruled England, Scotland and Ireland for 22 years – called himself the King of Britain.  Fond of plays, music and masques. Shakespeare named his theatre company The King’s Men.  Shakespeare wrote Macbeth for him due to his Scottish ancestry. He was King JAMES I of England and King JAMES VI of Scotland.

United Kingdom Coat of Arms  On the left, the shield is supported by the English lion.  On the right, it is supported by the Unicorn of Scotland. See the chain?  Motto: Dieu et mon droit – “God and my right”

Shield of the UK Royal Arms  First and fourth quadrant represent England and contain three gold lions passant on a red field.  Second quadrant represents Scotland and is a red lion rampant on a gold field.  Third quadrant represents Ireland and contains the gold harp of Ireland on a blue field.

 MACBETH is William Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy - just five Acts based on Scottish history. It is the story of a man’s tragic flaw and how it ruined his life.  By the way, King Duncan and King Macbeth were real men, but they were BOTH good rulers.

William Shakespeare “The Bard” - Definition: a famous poet