Improved Imaging of Near Earth Objects Using Better Telescope Specifications Hazel Butler CfAO Akamai Internship Institute for Astronomy Advisors: Stuart Jefferies and Doug Hope

Imaging of Near Earth Objects (NEO)  Asteroids, satellites, space debris Monitor Satellite Health  Cost millions  Track orbits Motivation

Telescope Limitations Diffraction Limit  Telescope Aperture  Resolution Atmospheric Distortion  R 0

Atmospheric Distortion Planer Light Waves Atmosphere Distorted Light Waves

Overcoming this Problem Adaptive Optics Image Restoration  Prior Information  Point Spread Function (PSF)

Uses multiple frames to estimate the PSF and the object Multi-Frame Blind Deconvolution

Telescope Pupil Function Specify radius of the telescope pupil

My Project Wrong pupil size Intensity differences error High Intensity Medium Intensity Low Intensity objectPoint Spread Function

Methodology Build Pupil Program Run Simulations Build Error Program Calculate Errors Analyze Results Build Intensity Difference Program Calculate Errors Analyze Results Conclusions

) Computing the Error 2 ( Estimated Image Truth Image 2

Simulation Parameters The atmospheric distortion (D/r 0 ) was 5. Intensity Levels  High Threshold (0.05)  Low Threshold (0.005) 3 Pupil Radii 16 Frames

Total Error Results

Intensity Error Results

Conclusions Pupil Radius Significance High and Low Intensity Image Improvement Odd Phase Results

References and Sources Astronomy Picture of the Day images Bracewell, R. The Fourier Transform and its Applications McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Boston Nocedal, J. and Wright, S. Numerical Optimization Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York Roggemann, M and Welsh, B. Imaging through turbulance CRC press LLC, Boca Raton

Acknowledgements Institute for Astronomy  Doug Hope  Stuart Jefferies  Cindy Geibink Center for Adaptive Optics  Malika Bell  Lisa Hunter  Hilary O’Bryan Maui Economic Development Board  Isla Yap Maui Community College  Mark Hoffman Funding provided through the Center for Adaptive Optics, a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center (STC), AST