Lessons Learned Workshop 24 th August 2002 Success Success Challenges Challenges The Context for Aspen 2003 The Context for Aspen 2003  Looking ahead  Timing as well as performance is key Data ………. Data ……….

Successes

IR Optimization works: Gemini-South IR (4 micron) Commissioning Images of Galactic Center Gemini South + ABU + fast tip/tilt Brackett  FWHM ~ 0.35” 1 minute integration Simons & Becklin 1992 IRTF (3.6m) - L’ 16,000 images shift/add An entire night….

Perlman, Sparks, et al. Gemini North: M87 jet at 10  m– Deepest image ever taken in the mid IR OSCIR, 10.8  m HST/F300W, 0.3  m  Sensitivity (1 , 1 h): mJy/pix (pix scale = 0.089”) 0.1 mJy on point source 14  Jy/pixel after further IR Optimization

Gemini South IR Performance

GMOS North comes on-line PMN Quasar at z=4.11 Gemini SV PI: Isobel Hook 60min – 140min per filter Seeing (FWHM) 0.5 – 0.7 arcsec 5 sigma detection limits : g'=27.5 mag g'=27.5 mag r'=27.2 mag r'=27.2 mag i'=26.3 mag i'=26.3 mag GMOS on Gemini 5.5’ x 5.5’ Telescope & instrument reliability > 90% Observing efficiency (shutter open/elapsed) Routinely ~ 70%

GMOS “Deep Deep Survey” 84 objects  2 tiers with 150 l/mm grating The GDDS team

GDDS Team: Bob Abraham & Ray Carlberg (Toronto), Karl Glazebrook & Sandra Savaglio (JHU), Pat McCarthy (OCIW), David Crampton (DAO), Isobel Hook (Oxford), Inger Jørgensen & Kathy Roth (Gemini) Goal: Deep 100,000 sec MOS exposures on Las Campanas IR Survey fields to get redshifts of a complete K<20.5 sample to z=2 -- using NOD & SHUFFLE Esp. virgin ‘redshift desert’ 1.2<z<2  FORMATION OF THE HUBBLE SEQUENCE This requires getting redshifts to I=24.5  1 mag fainter than Keck Lyman Break Galaxies. GDDS SV data: 14 hours in 0.5'' seeing (Aug 02) The GDDS team GMOS “Deep Deep Survey”

I=23.8 z=1.07 Example object: N&S subtracted [OII] 3727 at 7700Å The GDDS team

GDDS: ultra-super-preliminary results These are just the ‘easy’ ones so far! Full 100,000 secs will pound on z=1.5 old red galaxies N&S works! Ultimate ‘sky null’ technique. Could reach I=27 in 10 6 secs on 30m The GDDS team

Exploring the Gemini context NGST ALMA SIM VLA-upgrade Keck-Inter. ESO-VLTI Keck I&II UT1,UT2,UT3,UT4 Magellan 1&2 HET LBT OWL CELT and maybe GSMT… LSST The decade of adaptive optics The era of the “giants” SOFIA SIRTF VISTA SUBARU Gemini N Gemini S ?

NGST ALMA SIM VLA-upgrade Keck-Inter. ESO-VLTI Keck I&II UT1,UT2,UT3,UT4 Magellan 1&2 HET LBT OWL CELT and maybe GSMT… LSST The decade of adaptive optics The era of the “giants” SOFIA SIRTF Gemini N ALTAIR + LGS Michelle NIFS GMOS GAOS -> MCAO GNIRS NICI Flam. 2 Gemini S T-RECS VISTA SUBARU ? Exploring the Gemini context - and responding

Conclusions The Gemini Partnership is capable of organizing itself to produce highly competitive, state-of-the-art facilities The Gemini Partnership is capable of organizing itself to produce highly competitive, state-of-the-art facilities “The Gemini whole” can be greater than the sum of the parts “The Gemini whole” can be greater than the sum of the parts

Challenges circa 2002 Instrument delivery, instrument delivery, instrument delivery…… Instrument delivery, instrument delivery, instrument delivery…… Gemini South will be “bare” until mid 2003 from the user perspective Gemini South will be “bare” until mid 2003 from the user perspective And instrument delivery schedules constrain science availability of Gemini Telescopes And instrument delivery schedules constrain science availability of Gemini Telescopes

Gemini-North Time Distribution NIRI - GPOL GMOS - N&S, GPOL ALTAIR MICHELLE Hokupa’a-S NIFS ALTAIR LGS MICHELLE New Instrument Mode Tests

Gemini-South Time Distribution T-ReCS GMOS-S GMOS-S (cont.) bHROS GNIRS NICI NICI (cont.) GSAOI GSAO FLAMINGOS-2 PHOENIX FLAMINGOS New Instrument Mode Tests

Our communities have struggled to deliver instruments 1.0 Slip Factor = original schedule + slip original schedule Data complied by Adrian Russell Schedule Performance

Looking Ahead

Defining the role of Gemini in the era of a 6.5m NGST Assuming a detected S/N of 10 for NGST on a point source, with 4x1000s integration GEMINI advantage NGST advantage R = 30,000 R = 5,000 R = 1,000 R = 5 Time gain

? NGST ALMA SIM VLA-upgrade Keck-Inter. ESO-VLTI Keck I&II UT1,UT2,UT3,UT4 Magellan 1&2 HET LBT OWL CELT and maybe GSMT… LSST The era of the “giants” SOFIA SIRTF ALTAIR + LGS Michelle NIFS GMOS GAOS -> MCAO GNIRS NICI Flam. 2 T-RECS VISTA SUBARU Gemini N Gemini S Multi-IFU & MCAO++? Extreme AO? Mid-IR opportunity? Seeing enhanced R=1,000,000 spectroscopy? Aspen2003 Gemini’s Environment,“Aspen 2003” & our window of opportunity The decade of adaptive optics

? NGST ALMA SIM VLA-upgrade Keck-Inter. ESO-VLTI Keck I&II UT1,UT2,UT3,UT4 Magellan 1&2 HET LBT OWL CELT and maybe GSMT… LSST SOFIA SIRTF ALTAIR + LGS Michelle NIFS GMOS GAOS -> MCAO GNIRS NICI Flam. 2 T-RECS VISTA SUBARU Gemini N Gemini S Multi-IFU & MCAO++? Extreme AO? Mid-IR opportunity? Aspen2003 Gemini’s Environment,“Aspen 2003” & our window of opportunity In this evolving environment, timing as well as performance is key The decade of adaptive optics The era of the “giants” Seeing enhanced R=1,000,000 spectroscopy?

Our record to date is not impressive 1.0 Slip Factor = original schedule + slip original schedule Data complied by Adrian Russell Schedule Performance

And we have had to pay a significant price 1.0 Cost Overrun Factor = actual cost original approved budget Data complied by Adrian Russell Cost Impact (fully burdened)

Thoughts so far…. This current generation of 8m –10m telescopes can be extremely effective and efficient “science machines” This current generation of 8m –10m telescopes can be extremely effective and efficient “science machines” However, in this complex environment our continuing competitiveness requires targeted, state-of-the-art instrumentation, arriving at the telescope at the right time However, in this complex environment our continuing competitiveness requires targeted, state-of-the-art instrumentation, arriving at the telescope at the right time And right now, we (at least Gemini) are not very good at this last bit….. And right now, we (at least Gemini) are not very good at this last bit…..