Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course STABILITY AND SUPPORT OPERATIONS (SASO)

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Action: Gain knowledge of stability and support operations in the US Army. Condition: Given intelligence handout and small group discussion. Standard: Score a 70% on a 62 question multiple choice test. Terminal Learning Objective

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Safety requirements: General safety Risk assessment: Low Environment considerations: If you brought in, take it with you!! Evaluation: Students will be evaluated during a multiple choice test. General Admin

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Action: Define the principles of SASO in the US Army. Condition: Given an intelligence handout and small group discussion. Standard: Score a 70% on a 50 question multiple choice test. Enabling Learning Objective A

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Principles of SASO Legitimacy Restraint Security Perseverance Objective Unity of effort

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Legitimacy A condition growing from the perception of a specific audience of the legality, morality, and correctness of a set of actions.

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Restraint SASO operations are conducted under restrictions imposed by the Rules of Engagement (ROE).

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Security The operational environment may have no clear enemy; and if there is, they may be difficult to identify.

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Perseverance The degree of commitment that is placed upon a SASO mission by the force executing an operation.

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Objective The “end state goal” of an operation.

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Unity of Effort Ensuring that all forces and agencies involved in a SASO mission are operating with the same objective.

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Review Legitimacy Restraint Security Perseverance Objective Unity of effort

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course QUESTIONS???

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Check on Learning 1. What are the principles of SASO? (L.R.S.P.O.U.) 2. What is an example of the “objective” principle? 3. What is an example of the “restraint” principle?

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Action: Identify SASO activities that involve the US government. Condition: Given intelligence handout and small group discussion. Standard: Score a 70% on a 50 question multiple choice test. Enabling Learning Objective B

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course SASO Activities Noncombatant Evacuation Operations (NEO) Arms control Support to domestic civil authorities Humanitarian assistance Disaster relief Nation assistance Support to counter-drug operations

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course SASO Activities (cont.) Combating terrorism Peacekeeping Peace enforcement Show of force Support for Counter-insurgencies and insurgencies (COIN) Attacks and raids

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course

Non-Combatant Evacuation Order (NEO) Relocate threatened civilians a. US citizens b. Selected host nation citizens c. Third country nationals Basic NEO environments a. Permissive - no physical threat b. Uncertain - need for a QRF c. Hostile - large QRF and security force

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course LRS Activities LRS activities in NEOs: R&S of NEO evacuation sites Early warning for host nation and US forces CSAR support

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Arms Control Monitoring weapon systems a. Number b. Types c. Performance characteristics Extends to C2, logistics, and intelligence mechanisms

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course LRS Activities LRS activities in Arms Control: R&S of ammunition holding areas R&S of motor pools R&S of suspected transhipment sites R&S of weapon cache NBC monitoring

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Support to Domestic Civil Authorities Army is primary CONUS Disaster relief Humanitarian assistance Posse Comitatus Act a. Restricts use of federalized troops b. Does not apply to NG soldiers until federalized (Title 32)

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Humanitarian Assistance OCONUS - Department of State CONUS - Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Humanitarian Assistance What is an example of a Humanitarian Assistance operation conducted by the US Army during the 1990’s?

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course LRS Activities LRS activities in Humanitarian Assistance: Surveillance of storage facilities (food and water) Recon of MSRs Surveillance of suspected criminals or organizations undermining the humanitarian process Zone recon missions to determine extent of damage in specific areas

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Disaster Relief CONUS or OCONUS Refugee assistance Food distribution Medical assistance Restoration of law and order Damage assessment and control

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course LRS Activities LRS activities in Disaster Relief: Surveillance of storage facilities (food and water) Recon of MSRs Surveillance of suspected criminals or organizations undermining the humanitarian process Zone recon missions to determine extent of damage in specific areas

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Nation Assistance Diplomatic, economic, information, and military cooperation Promote internal growth and long-term stability Develop sound and responsible democratic institutions Develop supportive infrastructures Promote strong free-market economies

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course LRS Activities LRS activities in Nation Assistance: Exchange of information regarding LRS operations Training host nation soldiers about LRS operations

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Counter-drug Operations Support Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) (ie. FBI, DEA, CIA) Stopping the illegal drug flow: a. Source - Global b. Transit – Borders and ports c. Distribution - JTF-6 and LEAs

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Federalized forces are restricted from: a. Searching b. Arresting c. LEA activity involving civilians Title 10, US Code, Section a. Military can assist LEAs b. Permits the passing of information collected during normal operations Counter-drug Operations

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course LRS Activities LRS activities in Counterdrug OPs: R&S of shipment facilities R&S of shipment routes R&S of narcotic base crop fields Surveillance of NARCO traffickers Surveillance of air and vehicle traffic

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Combating Terrorism Department of State Department of Justice (FBI) Department of Transportation (Federal Aviation Administration [FAA]) Homeland Security Agency

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Combating Terrorism Types of Terrorism Non-state supported »Operates autonomously State supported »Operates alone but receives government support State directed »Operates as an agent of a government

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Combating Terrorism Two parts: 1. Antiterrorism 2. Counter-terrorism

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Antiterrorism Defensive measures used to reduce vulnerability to individuals property to terrorism The terrorist threat is greatest when its least expected Control measures include: – physical security – OPSEC – personnel security

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Counter-terrorism Offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism Specially trained counter-terrorism units usually conduct counter-terrorism ops Conventional forces are only used in support roles

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course LRS Activities LRS activities in Combating Terrorism: R&S to confirm terrorist activity Surveillance of terrorist safe house Surveillance of suspected or known terrorists Surveillance of individuals on the “Black, White, and Grey” list Force protection surveillance

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Peace Keeping Operations (PKO) Forces maintain peace, not make peace Peace must already exist Requires the consent of all parties involved US personnel - impartial observers or supervisors

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course PKO Tasks Conduct patrols OPs Checkpoints Media control Liaison Convoy escort

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course PKO Tasks (cont.) React to ambush React to indirect fire Establish a lodgment Secure a route Clear mines (US personnel supervises) Provide C2

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course E/51 LRS Base Camp Camp Bondsteel, Kosovo

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course LRS Activities LRS activities in PKOs: R&S of demilitarized zone (DMZ) Surveillance of confrontation areas Surveillance of cease fire areas R&S of refugee camps

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Peace Enforcement Restore peace through diplomatic efforts Hostile factions may not consent to intervention May be engaged in combat Implies the threat or use of force Cannot remain neutral

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course LRS Activities LRS activities in PEOs: R&S of demilitarized zones Surveillance of confrontation areas Surveillance of cease fire areas R&S of refugee camps Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) NBC monitoring

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Show of Force Combined training exercises Rehearsals Forward deployment of forces a. Deploy rapidly b. Lends credibility to US interests

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course LRS Activities LRS activities in Show of Force Ops: Participate in airborne operations Surveillance from fixed observation posts Route reconnaissance

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Support for Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies Insurgency - an organized, armed political struggle whose goal may be the seizure of power through revolutionary take over and replacement of the existing government.

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Support for Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies (cont.) Counterinsurgency - an effort to regain or retain political power through political or military action.

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course LRS Activities LRS activities in COIN: Early warning for US and host nation forces R&S of insurgent base camps Recon for lines of communication Surveillance of refugee camps R&S of targets for future direct action missions Surveillance of key suspected or known insurgents Surveillance of insurgent safe houses

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Attacks and Raids Attacks - damage or destroy high-value targets or demonstrate US capability and resolve to achieve a favorable result.

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Raids - small-scale operations involving swift penetration of hostile territory to secure information, temporarily seize an objective, or destroy a target. Attacks and Raids (cont.)

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Summary Noncombatant Evacuation Operations (NEO) Arms control Support to domestic civil authorities Humanitarian assistance Disaster relief Nation assistance Counter-drug operations

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Summary (cont.) Combating terrorism Peacekeeping operations Peace enforcement Show of force Support for insurgencies and counterinsurgencies Attacks and raids

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course QUESTIONS???

Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leader Course Check on Learning 1. What is difference between peace keeping and peace enforcement operations? 2. What is an insurgency? 3. What is the difference between an attack and a raid? 4. Name a recent show of force operation?