Krashen’s Hypotheses about Second language Acquisition YL-TESOL

Krashen’s 5 Hypotheses Acquisition-Learning HypothesisThe Affective Filter Hypothesis The Natural Order Hypothesis Monitor HypothesisInput Hypothesis

KRASHEN ’ S INPUT HYPOTHESIS

Krashen ’ s InputHypothesis Language is best acquired when language input (listening or reading) is one level beyond his or her current level of competence. (i +1) Language learner i + 1 books the teacher the teacher other students other students movies

the student’s current language level + 1 the student’s current language level What students already know What teachers should provide The Input Hypothesis

Week 1Week 2Week 3

The Input Hypothesis (Bad examples) i+ 5 Not building on previous experiences Too much new content (learner overload)

known input + 1 overload

KRASHEN ’ S NATURAL ORDER HYPOTHESIS

The Natural Order Hypothesis PROGRESSIVE (+ing) PLURAL (n.+ s) IRREGULAR PAST PROGRESSIVE (+ing) PLURAL (n.+ s) IRREGULAR PAST POSSESSIVE (+‘s) COPULA (be + n./adj.) POSSESSIVE (+‘s) COPULA (be + n./adj.) ARTICLE (a, the) REGULAR PAST ARTICLE (a, the) REGULAR PAST 3 RD PERSON SINGULAR (v.+ s) AUXILIARY (be + verbs) 3 RD PERSON SINGULAR (v.+ s) AUXILIARY (be + verbs)

KRASHEN ’ S AFFECTIVE FILTER HYPOTHESIS

Krashen ’ s Affective Filter Hypothesis

Language is acquired best in an environment where anxiety and defensiveness are low.

Affective Filter Language learner I + 1 Books The teacher The teacher Other students Other students movies (Affective Filter) anger fear nervousness boredom

KRASHEN ’ S ACQUISITION-LEARNING HYPOTHESIS

Sub-conscious learning Learning from experiences: books, movies, games, toys, co nversations, and so on. Language Acquisition Knowing through language Picking up words Trying to ask for things Talking about experiences Knowing about language Know grammar rules Memorized word lists Can describe language Conscious learning Learning rules Grammar instruction Error correction Language Learning

Sub-conscious learning Learning from experiences: books, movies, games, toys, co nversations, and so on. Language Acquisition Knowing through language Picking up words Trying to ask for things Talking about experiences L1

Language Learning Knowing about language Know grammar rules Memorized word lists Can describe language Conscious learning Learning rules Grammar instruction Error correction L2

KRASHEN ’ S MONITOR HYPOTHESIS

Krashen ’ s Monitor Hypothesis Language learners monitor their communication and correct minor errors based on what they know about the language. Language learner input learned rules and grammar output 1 2

The End