Immigration Reform.

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Presentation transcript:

Immigration Reform

Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore, Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me: I lift up my lamp beside the golden door.“ -Emma Lazarus

1820s 1st mass immigration: 300,000 Why: Post Napoleonic Wars Landless Employment/land in America, freedoms 1820-1890: 15 million immigrants

1840s “Old Immigrants”: white Anglo-Saxon, West/Northern Europe Irish: Catholic, work for low wage jobs in cities Germans Chinese immigrants begin arriving to West Coast (CA gold rush, transcontinental railroad) American Reaction: nativism (ex Know-Nothing Party), protest American heritage/national identity

1880s Immigration Flood “New Immigrants”: South/Eastern Europe (Germany, Italy, Hungary, Poland, Russia) Less skilled/intelligent…more of a social problem More xenophobia…Immigration Restriction League 1907 alone: 1 million immigrants, 50% S/E Europe

Immigration Laws 1875: exclude criminals Chinese Exclusion Act 1882: 10 year ban on Chinese immigrants 1907: exclude feeble minded, tuberculosis patients, immoral women Dillingham Commision: learn English, acquire citizenship, abandon native customs 1917 literacy test

Immigration Laws 1921 Immigration Act (Emergency Quota Act): 3% of 1910 census 1924 Immigration Act: 2% from 1890 census Discriminates against S/E Europeans 1945 War Brides Act

Immigration Laws 1952 McCarran Walter Immigration Act: confirms quotas, limits total immigration 1954 Operation Wetback: return of 1000s of illegal Mexican immigrants (over 1 mil) Increased US border forces

Immigration Laws 1965 Immigration & Nationality Act (Hart-Celler Act): ends national origins quotas, preferences to families/skilled workers LBJ, civil rights legislation Opens up more immigration from Asia 1971 72% Asian/Latin American, 1928 86%

Immigration Laws 1980 Immigration Reform & Control Act (IRCA): penalties for employers hiring illegal immigrants, amnesty for illegal immigrants 1980 4,289,000 Mexican 1990 7,841,000 Mexican 2000 12,000,000 Mexican 2001 Patriot Act:

Court Cases 1875 Chy Lung v Freemon: immigration control is an implicit federal power 1982 Plyler v Doe: TX tries to deny free public education to kids of undocumented alien Violated Equal Protection Clause of 14th amendment

More Recently… 1994 California Prop 187: illiegal aliens ineligible for social services except in emergency situations, more documentation control Preempted by federal law…dropped

Illegal Immigration: Cons 1961-70: 1.6 million 1970s: 8.3 million 2005: around 12 million 50% in CA/TX/FL/NY economic/social stress Use citizen tax dollars as they benefit from social services Take American jobs Dilute America

Illegal Immigration: Pros Economic benefit: cheap labor, without which goods (especially food) in America would be much more expensive Ex 30-50% farm workers in CA= illegal immigrants (cheaper…less labor standards, lower wages) Add diversity of cultures, languages, religions… America was founded by immigrants