Stakeholder Participation and Analysis

 What is meaningful participation?  What is a stakeholder?  Why stakeholder participation?  What is participation?  Why stakeholder analysis?  How to do a stakeholder analysis? Outline of Presentation

Meaningful Participation  Takes place when stakeholders are part of the decision making process  Requires that stakeholders at al levels of the social structure have an opportunity to participate in the decision-making process  A participatory approach is the only means for achieving long lasting consensus and common agreement  Is about taking responsibility, engaging and informing

Only the stakeholders’ interests in and acceptance of the water resources management make it possible to implement in reality. Why do we need stakeholder involvement? Stakeholder participation

Where and how should stakeholders be involved? Stakeholder participation WRMStakeholder roles Basin planningProblem identification, priority setting, situation analysis, approval. Water AllocationAdvisory, monitoring and reporting, decision making. Pollution controlMonitoring, reporting, permitting

 What is a stakeholder?

Stakeholders are those who have an interest in and/or affected by a particular decision, either as individuals or representatives of a group. This includes people who influence a decision, or can influence it, as well as those affected by it. Rights Stakeholders should be able to participate meaningfully in decision making Responsibilities Stakeholders should play their part in delivering sustainable development What is a stakeholder?

Those who are affected by the project…. And those we depend on for its success… User group – people who use the resources or services in an area Interest groups – people who have an interest in, or who can affect the use of a resource or service Beneficiaries of the project/service Decision-makers Those often excluded for the decision-making process Stakeholder grouping – could include…

Ex. Expansion of secondary road connecting to NSEC project Use – who uses or benefits from the use of the resources…? Economics – who may win or lose as a result…? Mandate – who makes decisions, who has rights… Proximity – who lives near the resources… Values – who may have strong beliefs about specific use…? Stakeholders – who?

Stakeholders are not only those who shout the loudest. Those who are often excluded from the decision- making process due to age, gender or ethnicity are those who are most likely to lose out if they are not included in the project planning. We need to think about how to ensure that these stakeholders are also involved… But… very seldom… people are powerless… and they have responsibility to engage themselves TIP – Stakeholders – who…?

Interests  Economic  Cultural  Recreational  Religious  Geographical  Others

 What is a stakeholder?  Why stakeholder participation?

Why stakeholder participation? Benefits to planners Good basis for accountability More information and understanding of context Benefits to decision-makers Informed and improved decisions Legitimacy of governance improved Benefits to developers Save costs as issues are identified upfront Community relations improved Developers’ image and reputation enhanced Benefits to civil society Capacity building and new knowledge through participation More sustainable development

Dept. of Infrastructure Irrigation user group Mining Company Ministry of health Government Local Local community Financing institution Ministry of Finance Irrigation department Water supply company NGO biodiversity Hydropower company Int. donors Can we achieve... sustainability? Economic Ecological Social Common goal - sustainability

Stakeholder Analysis

The objectives of stakeholder analysis:  Improve the project’s understanding of the needs of those affected by a problem  Reduce, or hopefully remove, potential negative project impacts  Identify who should be encouraged to take part in the project planning and implementation  Identify and reduce risks – this involves identifying possible conflicts of interest and expectation among stakeholders so that conflict is avoided Why stakeholders analysis?

Steps for stakeholder identification, stakeholder mapping and assessment of the process  Who are the stakeholders in SUMALOM ?  Mapping stakeholder interests, influence and characteristics  Identify patterns and contexts of stakeholder interaction  Assess stakeholder power, potential, and influence  Assess options and use findings to make progress

1. Stakeholder Identification  Identify and describe all individuals, groups, organizations and institutions  Identify stakeholders through key staff of key agencies or records or stakeholder self- selection or a combination of these methods  Categorize stakeholders into primary and secondary, internal and external

2. Mapping stakeholder interests, influence and Characteristics  Understand interests, expectations, benefits and losses of stakeholders  Differentiate between institutional/ organizational and individual stakeholders

…the stakeholder analysis seeks to answer:  Who are the key stakeholders?  What are their interests and influence? Develop strategic measures…  How should we best engage various stakeholders?  Who needs their capacity built to be able to participate meaningfully? How to do stakeholder analysis?

Anticipate the kind of interest/influence (positive or negative) the key stakeholders may have on the project. “Interest” could be described in terms of potential costs and benefits “Influence” in terms of power/control How to do stakeholder analysis? Continued…

Stakeholders SUMALOM – NAM TON Interest in process/ project +/- (how affected) Influence on process/ Project +/- (how much power) How to engage? Stakeholder needs for awareness and/or capacity building Village women + Easy access to clean water + Direct user - Less social interaction + Direct user - Little voice in community Stakeholder identification, analysis and strategic considerations

High Low Influence List of stakeholders 1.X 2.X 3.X 4.X 5.X 6.X 7.X 8.X 9.X 10.X Interest Stakeholder Mapping

High Low Influence High Interest Stakeholders Map List

High Low Influence High Interest Key players Very interested in the project, and high impact on decision- making * Should be closely involved throughout to ensure their support Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels of Stakeholder Involvement

High Low Influence High Interest Key subjects Very interested in the project, but little influence Less impact on decision-making *Require special efforts to ensure that needs are met and participation meaningful Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels (cont.)

High Low Influence High Interest Key setters Not so interested in the project, but has high influence. Impact on decision making Could be a risk? * Need to be kept informed and views acknowledged Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels (cont.)

High Low Influence High Interest Crowd Less important *Unlikely to be closely involved in the project and no special strategies are required Stakeholders Map – Types and Levels (cont.)

3. Identify patterns and contexts of stakeholder interaction  Understand the relationships between stakeholders  Explore points of cooperation and conflict among them  Explore points of convergence and/or divergence with IWRM principles and framework

5. Assess options and use findings to make progress  Review progress based on the four previous steps and plan engagement pathways for stakeholders accordingly  Stakeholder tables can be used to organize information on each stakeholders’ interests, power, influence and involvement with the project.