Presented by Leticia Bonita Prince Newcastle University 4 th Year MChem Student.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Organic Synthesis Notation

Advertisements

TY 2003 Organic Mechanism 3 Reaction of Chlorine with Methane.

Mechanisms of Alkenes Electrophilic Addition Reactions.

There are 3 theories… Arrhenius (most common) Bronsted-Lowry Lewis.

Advanced Higher - Unit 3 Permeating aspects of organic chemistry.

Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Benzene Aim: To describe the electrophilic substitution of arenes with concentrated nitric acid in the presence.

Alcohol and Alkyl Halides Chapter Alkyl Halides An organic compound containing at least one carbon- halogen bond (C-X) –X (F, Cl, Br, I) replaces.

Organic Reactions. Point #1 3 basic kinds of reactions A) Addition Reactions (like synthesis reactions) Hydrogenation – saturating an unsaturated carbon.

Chapter 4—An Introduction to Organic Reactions

Presented by Leticia Bonita Prince Newcastle University 4 th Year MChem Student.

Presented by Leticia Bonita Prince Newcastle University 4 th Year MChem Student.

ACID-BASE THEORY EVALUATION OF ACIDS. REVIEW OF REVIEW OF MAJOR THEORIES.

CHEMISTRY 2000 Topic #4: Organic Chemistry Spring 2008 Dr. Susan Lait == aspirin.

Acids and Bases; Electrophiles and Nucleophiles 2-2 Acid and base strengths are measured by equilibrium constants. Brønsted-Lowry acid: a proton donor.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AS CHEM. STUDY GUIDE. DEFINE FREE RADICALS Atoms (or groups of atoms) with unpaired electrons.

What is the major product of the following reaction?

Presented by Leticia Bonita Prince Newcastle University 4 th Year MChem Student.

Chemistry. Session GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - 5.

Organic Chemistry. What is organic chemistry? All biological molecules – simple sugars to complex nucleic acids All fossil fuels – including oil, coal,

Fission, addition, substitution and elimination. Starter We have covered lots of material in the last few lessons, it would be really useful to know;

Chapter 3. Mechanisms of Organic Reactions ( 有机反应机理）

Lewis Acids “An acid is an electron pair acceptor,

OCR organic reaction mechanisms

Mechanisms of organic reactions. How Organic Reactions Occur Homolytic bond breaking (radical): A-B  A  + B  radicals are formed Heterolytic bond breaking.

ORGANIC MECHNISMS. MEET THE ATTACKERS Press the space bar.

TASHKENT MEDICAL ACADEMY Department of Bioorganic and Biological Chemistry Bioorganic chemistry I COURSE SUBJECT : Reactivity of organic CONNECTIONS. Reactions.

Halogenoalkanes and Reaction Pathways

Alkenes CnH2n sp2 hybridized carbons s p p sp2 H H C C H H.

Curved Arrows and All that Jazz: Essential Tips on Writing Reaction Mechanism. A curved FULL arrow is used to represent the flow of a pair of electrons.

Halogenoalkane Reactions Section Introduction In halogenoalkanes, the carbon atom is partially positive because of the polarity of the C-halogen.

Title: Lesson 5: Lewis Acids and Bases Learning Objectives: – Understand that a Lewis acid is a lone pair acceptor and a Lewis base is a lone pair donor.

Paul TC-2007 Free radical substitution Eletrophilic addition Nucleophilic substitution Elimination Addition – Elimination Electrophilic substitution Esterification.

REACTIONS OF AlDEHYDES AND KETONES L.O.:  Outline the mechanism for nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones with hydrides.

Mr. Lajos Papp The British International School, Budapest 2010/2011.

10.5 Halogenoalkanes. Exam Question Write the reaction between methane and chlorine to form chloromethane. Explain this reaction in terms of the free.

TOPIC 18 ACIDS AND BASES 18.1 Lewis Acids and Bases.

Original slide prepared for the Free Radical Substitution Edexcel organic reaction mechanisms Click a box below to go to the mechanism Electrophilic Addition.

Reaction Mechanisms and Operational Species A reaction Mechanism describes the series of steps that the reactants take to form the products. Each step.

Organic chemistry Topic 10

13 – Reaction Mechanisms Leaving Certificate Chemistry Organic Chemistry.

Organic Chemistry Chapter 3. Definition of alkenes Hydrocarbons with C=C (double bond)Hydrocarbons with C=C (double bond) Smells, Colors Nutrients, Etc.

Aim: How did Bronsted describe acids and bases? Do Now: 1.Take out a calculator and reference tables. 2.How did Arrehnius define an acid and a base?

Consider the covalent bond between two atoms, X and Y.

5. An Overview of Organic Reactions

Electrophilic Addition Reactions: Alkenes

Chapter 6 An Overview of Organic Reactions

Chem 250 Writing Assignment Lab 4 – Personal Care Product 10/10/14 one page summary of primary article due 10/24/14 annotated bibliography due 11/14/14.

Introduction to organic reactions

Reaction Mechanisms: an Overview of Organic Chemistry

Electronegativity.

Chapter 4—An Introduction to Organic Reactions

CH 8-1 Electrophilic Addition of HX

5. An Overview of Organic Reactions

CH 8-3: Electrophilic Addition of Br2 and Cl2

Organic Synthesis Unit 2.

Figure 4.9 Stabilization of carbocations via the inductive effect

5. An Overview of Organic Reactions

Electrophilic addition

Alkenes CnH2n sp2 hybridized carbons s p p sp2 H H C C H H.

Chemistry Review What do you remember?

MODERN CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 14 ACIDS AND BASES

Sketch the apparatus used for above the reaction.

Alkenes CnH2n sp2 hybridized carbons s p p sp2 H H C C H H.

Alkenes CnH2n sp2 hybridized carbons s p p sp2 H H C C H H.

An Overview of Organic Reactions

• Explain the overlap of adjacent p-orbitals to form a π-bond.

Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes.

Alkenes and electrophiles

INTRODUCTION TO CHEM 2312 AND REVIEW OF CHEM 2311

Presentation transcript:

Presented by Leticia Bonita Prince Newcastle University 4 th Year MChem Student

Aims of Today Increase your understanding of reaction mechanisms and the bromination of alkenes Increase your spatial skills and awareness using software designed by the CCDC

What are Spatial Skills? The ability to mentally manipulate 2-dimensional and 3- dimensional figures. Important in chemistry, biology, medicine, mathematics, physics and everyday life.

Curly Arrows In a chemical reaction NEW BONDS ARE MADE and BONDS ARE BROKEN. A reaction mechanism illustrates how this happens. Curly Arrows are used to highlight the MOVEMENT OF ELECTRONS. A FULL ARROW REPRESENTS 2 ELECTRONS A HALF ARROW REPRESENTS 1 ELECTRON H + + Cl - 2Cl. Heterolytic Fission Homolytic Fission

Direction of Movement NUCLEOPHILEELECTROPHILE

Nucleophiles Electron Pair DONORS Lewis Bases - CN, - OH, Cl -

Electrophiles Electron Pair ACCEPTOR Lewis Acids H +, CH 3 +, NO 2 +

Electrophilic Addition to Ethene (Bromination) Ethene has a π bond which has high electron density – NUCLEOPHILE Bromine molecule will have a δ + from Van der Waals’ - ELECTROPHILE

Mechanism

The REAL Mechanism

Proof Bromonium Ions Exist

The WebCSD Type in Answer the questions by typing the refcodes into the “find entry” box

THANK YOU! ENJOY THE REST OF YOUR DAY!