Age of Jackson, Civil War and Reconstruction STAAR Review 2015

Andrew Jackson In the _______________, there was no winner because no one won the majority of the electoral college votes. __________________made a deal with Speaker of the House, ______________, saying that if the House of Representatives choose Adams as President, J.Q. Adams would make Henry Clay the _________________. The House of Representatives choose J.Q. Adams as president and Andrew Jackson called this the “________________”. However, voting requirements changed between 1824 and 1828, allowing Jackson to win by a landslide 1828! Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams Henry Clay Secretary of State Corrupt Bargain Voting Requirements Election of 1824Election of 1828 White Male 21 or older Own Property White Male 21 or older How did the Election of 1828 expand suffrage? Gave more people, who did not own property, the right to vote.

Andrew Jackson and the Nullification Crisis The Story: Congress passed a Tariff of 1828 that increased tariffs on goods from Europe. This Protective Tariff protected Northern Industries while making products more expense for Southern planters. Southerners nicknamed this tariff the “Tariff of Abominations”, because they hated it so much. Vice President John C. Calhoun believed in states’ rights, and believed states could limit the power the of National government in their own state. South Carolina passed the Nullification Act which declared the tariff illegal in their state. South Carolina threatened to secede, withdraw, if the tariff was not lifted. Henry Clay created a compromise lowering the tariff but also giving the President more power to use force if a state threatened to secede again. Cause:Effects: Nullification Crisis Tariff helped the North at the expense of the South South Carolina tries to nullify the tariff and threatens to secede from the Union Henry Clay creates a compromise that lowers the tariff but gives the president more power to use force if a state threatens to secede

Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny: The belief in the God given right that America should expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific What do you see in this picture that relates to Manifest Destiny?

Andrew Jackson and the Indian Removal Act Indian Removal Act: Gave the president power to move Native Americans west of the Mississippi River Jackson began to remove many Native American tribes in the Southeast to Indian Territory in present day Oklahoma Cherokees refused to move and took their case to the Supreme Court Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokees and said they could stay in Georgia However… President Jackson refused to enforce the Court’s ruling and made the Cherokees move anyways Trail of Tears: Forced removal of Native Americans to Indian Territory where they lost their homeland and many lost their lives on the way

Westward Expansion Map Label: 1.Original 13 Colonies 2.Northwest Territory 3.Florida 4.Louisiana Purchase 5.Oregon Country 6.Texas Annexation 7.Mexican Cession 8.Gadsden Purchase Original 13 Colonies Northwest Territory Florida Louisiana Purchase Oregon Territory Texas Annexation Mexican Cession Gadsden Purchase

Westward Expansion Map Oregon Country, 1846 EconomicSocialPolitical Fur TradeBring Christianity to Native Americans Split the territory with Great Britain at the 49 th parallel

Westward Expansion Map Texas Annexation, 1845 EconomicSocialPolitical Texas could pay off war debt with money from annexation Many Americans lived in Texas Polk won election of 1844 by supporting annexation of Texas

Westward Expansion Map Mexican Cession, 1848 Gadsden Purchase, 1853 EconomicSocialPolitical U.S. paid $15 million for Cession and $10 million for Gadsden after Mexican War Gain California and Utah, which led to Gold Rush and Mormon Migration Ended the disputes between Mexico and the U.S.

Westward Expansion Map EconomicSocialPolitical Agriculture, shipping, and trade expanded Many groups,49ers, rushed to California, boomtowns California applied for statehood as a free state California Gold Rush, 1849

U.S.-Mexican War Texas gains independence from Mexico Texas as a Republic Texas is annexed to the U.S. Mexico is angered by Texas annexation Border disputes lead to fighting Mexican American War Treaty of G.H./Mexican Cession U.S. buys Gadsden Purchase Manifest Destiny done Mexican-American War Texas gains independence from Mexico Manifest Destiny is complete Texas as a Republic U.S. buys Gadsden Purchase Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. gains Mexican Cession Mexico is angered by Texas annexation Border disputes leads to fighting Texas is annexed to the U.S. Put the following era of US history in order on the timeline above.

North vs. South Perspective on Slavery Northern PerspectiveSouthern Perspective Slavery was a moral issue Slavery was evil If slavery was not abolished, it could bring God’s judgment Slavery was an economic necessity Slavery was a way of life and part of their society Wanted to move slavery west The North and the South had differing view on slavery. This was a leading cause of the Civil War.

Causes of the Civil War Right of a state to limit the power of the Federal government Tax on imports that protected Northern industries at the expense of Southern planters John C. Calhoun and S. Carolina threaten to secede if tariff of 1828 and 1832 is not lifted South saw this as an economic necessity, however North saw it as a moral issue Book by H.B. Stowe about the evils of slavery, abolitionists movement grows in the North Kansas and Nebraska would use popular sovereignty to determine slavery in their state Settlers from both sections rushed to Kansas to vote, violence broke out, mini-civil war Abe Lincoln becomes the first Republican President and S. Carolina is first to secede States’ Rights Tariff of 1828 and 1832 Nullification Crisis Slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin Kansas- Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas Election of 1860

Compromises Because the North and the South could agree on many issues, ________________ came up with several compromises to help keep the Union together for a short time before the Civil War. Henry Clay Missouri CompromiseCompromise of Missouri would be a slave state 2.Maine would be a free state 3.Creation of 36’30’’ line – no slavery above that line in the Louisiana Territory only 1.California would be a free state 2.Harsher fugitive slave law 3.New Mexico and Utah will use popular sovereignty to determine slavery 1.In the Missouri Compromise, why did Missouri and Maine have to be admitted at the same time? 2.What parts of each compromise would the South agree with, and which parts would the North agree with? So the number of slave and free states would stay equal in Congress South: Missouri slave state and harsher fugitive slave law North: Maine free state and California free state

Dred Scott Decision The Story: ___________moved with his owner from a ________state to a _______ state. When his owner died, Scott sued for his ____________ Dred Scottslavefree freedom Supreme Court’s decided… 1. Slaves were not citizens and could not bring lawsuit to court 2. Slaves were property 3. Congress could not ban slavery in territories 4. Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

The Civil War Battles BattleDateWhat HappenedImportance Fort SumterApril 12, 1861South refused to give up fort, firing broke out but no one was injured First battle of the Civil War AntietamSept 18, 1862Confederate loss, bloodiest battle of war Lincoln used victory to issue Emancipation Proclamation GettysburgJuly 1-3, 1863Confederate loss meant they would never invade Union again Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address after this battle Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865Robert E. Lee (confederate commander) surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant (Union commander) Civil War is over, Union Victory Assassination of Lincoln April 15, 1865John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln in Ford’s theatre Reconstruction will look very differently than what Lincoln wanted ? ? ? ? ?

Reconstruction 13 th Amendment14 th Amendment15 th Amendment Freed the slaves in the U.S. Gave citizenship to former enslaved people Allowed all male citizens the right to vote Remember the phrase: “Free Citizens Vote” Free: 13 th Citizens: 14 th Vote: 15 th 1.How did these amendments impact the American way of life? 1.What time period later on in history will be effected by these amendments? These 3 amendments expanded the rights of all citizens in the U.S. These amendments lay the foundation for the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s