SSCG:1b Analyze the writings of Hobbes (Leviathan), Locke (Second Treatise of Government), Montesquieu (The Spirit of Laws) as they affect our concept of government. EQ: Compare the writings of each of the philosophers and compare and contrast each of their theories. Observe how each philosophy builds on previous philosophies. Homework: 1. All students will be working on their portion of the group project 2. DOI terms on the webpage 3. V.I.P.E.S. 4. Check the Webpage!!! Agenda: 1. Complete questions 1-9 and 11-20 on page 24 (20 mins) 2. notes 3. What did I learn today? 4. Groups

Thomas Hobbes The Social Contract Published: Leviathan 1651 Thought people were naturally wicked and evil (lived through the English Civil War). Thought people needed a strong ruler to maintain order. S/C People give up a little liberty (freedom) to a government that provides organization (law and order) Best type of government: Monarchy, King

John Locke Natural Rights Published: Two Treatise of Government 1690 Thought people had the ability to reason and make good choices ie. Be reasonable in society. Governments get power form the- Consent of the Governed Thought all people had- Natural Rights- life, liberty and property Governments are created to protect your Natural Rights If they fail to protect your Natural Rights people have the right overthrow

Baron de Montesquieu Separation of Powers Published The Spirit of the Laws 1748 Governments should have three branches: executive, legislative & judicial Each branch should have a check and balance on each other Thought this system would prevent any one group from gaining complete control

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Majority Rule Published The Social Contract 1762 Concept: The General Will- majority rule Majority should work for the common good Good view of human nature Best type of government: Democracy

Thomas Jefferson 1743-1825 Farmer (unsuccessful), Lawyer, Congressman, Governor, Ambassador, Secretary of State, V.P. and 3rd President, Major accomplishment-The Louisiana Purchase 1803. Wished to be remembered for: Declaration of Independence Religious Freedom University of Virginia

IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776 The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

James Madison 1751-1838 Jefferson’s friend and neighbor Wrote Constitution of Virginia 1776, Leader of Virginian Assembly to the Continental Congress., Member of Constitutional Convention- Father of the Constitution, Secretary of State, 4th President.

What Is Government? Government is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies

The Purpose of Government The main purposes of government are described in the Preamble of the Constitution of the United States: “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”