 Repetitive calculations › Frequency › Complexity › Different views  Analysis of data › Explorative › Manipulation

cell (letter-number) Column (letters) Row (numbers) workbook = collection of worksheets

 Label – identification for people  Constant – any format › Text, number, picture, hyperlink, … › Value for computer › Format for people  Formula – uses cells & constants › Always begins with = › “takes the value of”

 =cell  Why do you use it?  Fundamental Principle: › Never have to change anything in two places › Variant of DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself)  Copy-paste › Fine if you really want a snapshot › Does not work if data will change

 Once you define the formula › Can change the values as often as you like › Automatically re-computes  Treats cells as variables › Defined by location, not value › Each cell constant or another formula  Example › Pay = hourly rate * hours worked  Values can change  Formula remains the same

 Want the same information for different data › Example: min, max, avg grades for each assignment  Can use copy or fill  Copying a formula moves it relatively

 Bottom right corner › One cell copies  Value exact  Formula changes cells › Multiple cells extrapolate

 Absolute positioning › Can lock the cell, column or row  Cell: $A$1  Column: $A1  Row: A$1 › To change a reference to absolute  Insert $  PC: Use F4  Mac: Cmd-T

 Can simply click on a cell on another sheet › Check the results; easy to get the wrong cell as you navigate between sheets.  Reference it using SheetName!cell

 Use constants when they will not change  Values that won’t change: › Computing the area of a circle  Π r 2 › Computing the area of a triangle  ½ base*height  What about… › Minutes in an hour? › Days in the year?

 Use directly in formulas Or  Place in cells › Used frequently › Precision: make sure it’s right!

Name Box  Named elements are fixed locations

 Can use to name or manage names  Accessing: › PC Formulas -> Define Name › Mac Insert -> Name -> Define

 Paste specials › Values › Transpose › With and without formatting  ESC: This key is your friend  Changing cell sizes  Deletions and additions

 Name spreadsheets (rename)  Delete unused spreadsheets  Separate input, computation, and output › Input: only page that you change › Output: readability › Computation: everything else