Bonding Basics

Section A: Complete the chart using a periodic table to help you.

Electrons and Chemical Bonding ___________________ __________________is the joining of atoms to form new substances. A force of attraction that holds two atoms together is called a __________________ _______________. __________ _____________ _________________ are the key to bonding Most chemical bonds are created using only _______________ electrons. Atoms bond in order to ____________________________________________. Chemical bonding chemical bond Outer level electrons valence have a filled outer shell

negative positive ion cation anion Answer these questions: An atom that gains one or more electrons will have a ____________________ charge. An atom that loses one or more electrons will have a ____________________ charge. An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons is called an ____________. A positive ion is called a ______________ and a negative ion is called an _______________. negative positive ion cation anion “An-Eye-On” “Cat-Eye-On”

Ionic Bonds Video OCTET RULE: Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of valence electrons. Properties of ionic bonds: high melting points brittle most dissolve in water good conductors of electricity

electrons complete metal nonmetal What is an ionic bond? Atoms will transfer one or more ________________ to another to form the bond. Each atom is left with a ________________ outer shell. An ionic bond forms between a ___________ ion with a positive charge and a ________________ ion with a negative charge. Example B1: Sodium + Chlorine Example B2: Magnesium + Iodine electrons complete metal nonmetal

Example B3: Potassium + Iodine Example B4: Sodium + Oxygen Example B5: Calcium + Chlorine Example B6: Aluminum + Chlorine

Covalent Bonds Video Covalent Bond Sharing: Share 1 pair of electrons: Single Bonds Share 2 pair of electrons: Double Bonds Share 3 pairs of electrons: Triple bonds

share complete nonmetal What is a covalent bond? Atoms ___________ one or more electrons with each other to form the bond. Each atom is left with a ________________ outer shell. A covalent bond forms between two _________________. Example C1: Hydrogen + Hydrogen Example C2: 2 Hydrogen + Oxygen share complete nonmetal

Example C3: Chlorine + Chlorine Example C4: Oxygen + Oxygen Example C5: Carbon + 2 Oxygen Example C6: Carbon + 4 Hydrogen