Section 4.6 Solution Stoichiometry and Chemical Analysis.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 4.6 Solution Stoichiometry and Chemical Analysis

New Stoichiometric Approach Chp 3 –Grams of substances –Used molar mass to calculate moles Chp 4 –Concentration of substances –Use molarity and volume to calculate moles

Molarities in Stoichiometry

SAMPLE EXERCISE 4.15 Using Mass Relations in a Neutralization Reaction How many grams of Ca(OH) 2 are needed to neutralize 25.0 mL of M HNO 3 ? Solve: The product of the molar concentration of a solution and its volume in liters gives the number of moles of solute: Because this is an acid-base neutralization reaction, HNO 3 and Ca(OH) 2 react to form and the salt containing Ca 2+ and NO 3

Titration Calculate concentration of a solute in a solution React soln of unknown conc with soln of known conc (standard solution) A-B, precipitation, or redox reactions

Titration Procedure Measure specific volume of unknown conc soln Slowly add standard soln until reaction is complete Equivalence Point

Equivalence Points A-B titrations Dyes used as A-B indicators »Colorless in acids/pink in bases

SAMPLE EXERCISE 4.16 Determining the Quantity of Solute by Titration The quantity of Cl – in a municipal water supply is determined by titrating the sample with Ag +. The reaction taking place during the titration is The end point in this type of titration is marked by a change in color of a special type of indicator. (a) How many grams of chloride ion are in a sample of the water if 20.2 mL of M Ag + is needed to react with all the chloride in the sample? (b) If the sample has a mass of 10.0 g, what percent Cl – does it contain?

SAMPLE EXERCISE 4.16 continued (b) Plan: To calculate the percentage of Cl – in the sample, we compare the number of grams of Cl – in the sample, 7.17  10 –2 g, with the original mass of the sample, 10.0 g.

Homework and , p