EXPLORATION & CONQUEST Group: Aidan Morgensteren, Jon Guyton Josemiguel Cisneros Silva, Chris Sanchez, Dillon Collins, Logan Bonner

PORTUGUESE EXPANSION Portugal was impelled to send out exploration expeditions for their own personal gain. Some people went out for trade, wealth, glory and to spread Christianity. Bernial Diaz del Castillo, a sailor and conquistador, quoted, “to serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich, as all men desire to do.”

PORTUGUESE EXPANSION Phillip II of Spain inherited the Portuguese crown in 1580 and created a 60 year union between the country’s. He ruled the entire Iberian peninsula. The Portuguese invented the Caravel, a faster and more reliable ship and started seeking routes to the spice trade. In 1500, Pedro Alvares Cabral discovered Brazil on the south American coast and later settled and influenced the culture greatly.

PORTUGUESE EXPANSION Cristofer Columbus was Spanish born and Portuguese trained in sailing. He got his motivation to explore from Marco Polo’s documents and his discoveries. Columbus discovered islands in the Caribbean including the Bahamas and Hispaniola. Columbus’s crew were to mutiny if they do not see land in 3 days after Months of sailing. This is when they Spotted birds which means land.

THE AFRICAN-SLAVE TRADE The African Slave trade took place across the Atlantic Ocean from the 15 th -19 th century. In the period of , there was an estimated 367,000 slaves exported from Africa. 293,000 of these slaves were imported to North America and 50,000 to Brazil. The Portuguese were the first to engage in the New World slave trade in the 16 th century (year 1526) and other countries soon followed

THE AFRICAN-SLAVE TRADE Shipowners considered slaves as cargo to be transported to the Americas as quickly as possible. They were sold into labor at coffee, Tobacco, sugar, and cotton plantations First Africans imported to the English colonies were classified as “Indentured Servants” By the middle of the 17 th century, slavery had hardened as a racial caste. They and their offspring were considered property of their owners in North America.

THE AFRICAN-SLAVE TRADE They estimated that there were 12 million slaves shipped across the Atlantic The year 1441 was the start of the European slave trade in Africa Portuguese Captain Antao Cionc and Nano Tristao captured 12 Africans in Cabobraco (Modern Mauritania) On November 3 rd 1493 Christopher Columbus’s 2 nd voyage, he began the 1 st trans-Altlantic slave trade. A shipment of several hundred Taino people (Indians in South Amberica) from then Dominican Republic to Spain.

THE AFRICAN-SLAVE TRADE January 22, 1510 is the start of the systematic transportation of African slaves to the new world. King Ferdinand of Spain authorized a shipment of 50 slaves to the Dominican Republic. In November of 1528 A slave called Estaban was the first African slave to step foot on what is now the United States of America.

SIXTEENTH-CENTURY INCURSIONS When the Europeans first arrived into North America, they depended solely on the natives for everything. Their diseases devastated the Natives destroying populations and causing widespread fear. The French Huguenots landed and established a colony at Saint Johns River in Jacques Le Moyne mapped Florida and wrote about the war between the French and Spanish.

SIXTEENTH-CENTURY INCURSIONS The French had made treaties with the Native Americans, but the French colony fell to Spain. This resulted in the deaths of (many) Indians. Ponce de Leon sailed from Cuba to explore the Florida peninsula in 1521, but they were drove out by the natives. They gave up on searching Florida for gold and es resources but they realized it would be great defensively. In In1559 Spanish soldiers marched from Mexico to settle the the borders.

QUIZ Portuguese expansion 1.True or false. The Portuguese started exploring for wealth, glory, and to spread Christianity. 2.What conquest began the Portuguese expansion? A.Brazil B.Ceuta C.Lisbon 3.Equipped with the ______________, the Portuguese were able to sail to the spice islands

QUIZ African Slave Trade 1.True or False. There were more slaves imported to North America than Brazil. 2.What were the first Africans imported to the English colonies called A.Slaves B.Servants C.Indentured Servants D.Workers 3.True or False. The year 1451 was the start of the European Slave Trade. 4.How many Africans did Antao Goncalves & Nuno Tristao capture? A.15 B.12 C.9

QUIZ Sixteenth-Century Incursions 1.True or False. Europeans depended on Natives when they first arrived. 2.Who mapped Florida? A.Ponce de Leon B.Jacques Le Moyne C.Huguenots 3.Spain settled Florida for ___________