Jamboree, October 19-22, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Nutrients in the Danish part of the North Sea EMODnet Chemistry Martin M. Larsen & Jonas K. Rømer, Aarhus University

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Example for NOx: Current status

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Why is time trends and patterns interesting? Drivers for nutrients The south-east area of the North Sea is generally eutrophic In Denmark, the eutrophication was first really accepted as a major problem in the 1980’ies, resulting in the first National Action Plan for the Aquatic Environment in 1987 A recent Holistic assessment have just been published online 09 May, 2015 (Open access): Recovery of Danish Coastal Ecosystems after reduction of Nutrient Loading: A holistic ecosystem approach (Riemann et al, Estuaries and Coast) Some of the data in this gives a better understanding of the drivers for nutrient concentrations in the North Sea in general

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Situation in 1987 Danish starting point Increasing nutrient loads from agriculture, industry and urban area development from the 1950ies to 1980ies Increased algea, loss of seagrass habitats and anoxia events (especially in 1985) caused political action The first National Action Plan for the Aquatic Environment (APEA) 1987 focused on: Agriculture (mainly N-reduction) Urban waste water treatment plants (mainly P-reduction) Industries with seperate discharges Several following APEAs was focused on N-reductions, incrementally decreasing the N input to the Aquatic Environment Some graphs to indicate the rate of reduction in discharges…

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Stations examined by Riemann et al (2015) Reduction through APEAs

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Nutrient release from 1980 to 2013 (Riemann et al 2015) Reduction through APEAs Point sources data averaged for due to lack of information Point sources: TN reduced by 75%, TP by >90% from 1980ies to present Diffuse sources mainly N-reduction to around 43% in 2013 (scaled from 5 large catchment areas) TN ~ to ton/year (13.000) TP ~ to ton/year (730)

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Concentration trends (Riemann et al 2015) Reduction through APEAs

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Pressures (Riemann et al 2015) Reduction through APEAs

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Indicators (Riemann et al 2015) Reduction through APEAs

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Why do we need EMODnet? Where does EMODnet fit in? ”The use of conceptual and numerical models to test recovery and restoration scenarios as well as legislative frameworks focusing on specific targets, measures and tolerable deviations often lack information from empirical data for validation” Rieman et al EMODnet adds direct access to all european empirical data, and also establishes the possibility to see changes in 3D by DIVA interpolation of these data (2D maps over three decades) This makes it possible to visually check the development of the real (not only model) environment drawing data from most (all) European data-sources

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium EMODnet NO3 data

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium NO x winter concentrations (before harmonisation) 3D animation

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium PO 4 winter concentrations (before harmonisation) 3D animation

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium SiO winter concentrations (before harmonisation) 3D animation

DIVA interpolation ready to use on website NO 3, PO 4, SiO (NH 4 ?) DIVA interpolations prepared and ready to upload NO x, (NH 4 ?) DIVA interpolations ready to be performed TP, TN, NO 2 Data not ready for DIVA interpolation (missing data, mainly data available in the Baltic Sea-region) O 2, Chlorophyll Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Status Nutrients North Sea

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium Source Estuaries and Coasts DOI /s (published online 09 May 2015 as Open Access) Recovery of Danish Coastal Ecosystems After Reductions in Nutrient Loading: A Holistic Ecosystem Approach Bo Riemann 1, Jacob Carstensen 1, Karsten Dahl 1, Henrik Fossing 2, Jens W. Hansen 2, Hans H. Jakobsen 1, Alf B. Josefson 1, Dorte Krause-Jensen 2, Stiig Markager 1, Peter A. Stæhr 1, Karen Timmermann 1, Jørgen Windolf 2 and Jesper H. Andersen 3 Bo Riemann 1 Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark 2 Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark 3 NIVA Denmark Water Research, Ørestads Boulevard 73, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark

Jamboree, October 21, 2015, Oostende, Belgium BREAKING NEWS Biological Reviews DOI: /brv (published online 14 October 2015 as Open Access) Long-term temporal and spatial trends in eutrophication status of the Baltic Sea Jesper H. Andersen 1,2,3,*, Jacob Carstensen 2,4, Daniel J. Conley 5, Karsten Dromph 2,4,6, Vivi Fleming-Lehtinen 3,7, Bo G. Gustafsson 8, Alf B. Josefson 4, Alf Norkko 3,9, Anna Villnäs 9 and Ciarán Murray 4 1 NIVA Denmark Water Research, Ørestads Boulevard 73, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark 2 Baltic Nest Institute, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark 3 Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Mechelininkatu 34A, Helsinki, Finland 4 Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark 5 Department of Geology, Geobiosphere Science Centre, Lund University, Sölvesgatan 12, Lund, Sweden 6 Lundbeck Pharma, Ottilavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark 7 HELCOM Secretariat, Katajanokanlaituri 6B, Helsinki, Finland 8 Baltic Nest Institute, Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 21A, Stockholm, Sweden 9 Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, JA Palmenin tie 260, Hanko, Finland