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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Scientific Vocabulary Make the following Foldable to help you understand the vocabulary terms in this chapter.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold a vertical sheet of notebook paper from side to side.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Cut along every third line of only the top layer to form tabs.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Label each tab with a vocabulary word from the chapter.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables As you read the chapter, list the vocabulary words on the tabs. As you learn the definitions, write them under the tab for each vocabulary word. Exchange your Vocabulary foldable with a classmate and quiz each other to see how many vocabulary words you can define without looking under the tabs. Build Vocabulary

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 Reviewing Main Ideas Scientific methods include identifying a problem or question, gathering information, developing hypotheses, designing an experiment to test the hypotheses, performing the experiments, collecting and analyzing the data, and forming conclusions. Science All Around Science experiments should be repeated to see whether results are consistent.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 Reviewing Main Ideas In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable being tested. Constants are variables that do not change. The variable being measured is the dependent variable. A control is a standard to which things can be compared. Science All Around Technology is the use of scientific discoveries.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 2 2 Reviewing Main Ideas Today, everything known in science results from knowledge that has been collected over time. Science has changed and will continue to change because of continuing research and improvements in instruments and testing procedures. Scientific Enterprise Scientific theories are explanations or models that are supported by repeated experimentation.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 2 2 Reviewing Main Ideas Scientific Enterprise Scientific laws are rules that describe the behavior of something in nature. They do not explain why something happens. Problems that deal with ethics and belief systems cannot be answered using scientific methods.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Question 1 Chapter Review Answer Explain the difference between a constant and a control. A constant is a factor that does not change when other variables change. A control is the standard by which test results are compared. A control is necessary in every experiment for the results to be valid. AID S2.2d

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. You conduct an experiment to test the effect of sunlight on plant growth, and give the same amount of water to all plants. Is the amount of water given to the plants a constant or a control? Question 2 Chapter Review Trial #1Trial #2Trial #3 Plant A30 minutes Plant B60 minutes Plant C4 hours AID S2.2d

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer Since all trials use the same amount of water, it is a constant.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. After you make a hypothesis, what scientific method would you use next? Question 3 Chapter Review A. analyze results B. draw conclusions C. identify a problem D. test the hypothesis AID S2.3b

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. After making a hypothesis, you need to test it.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. The statement that there is a force of attraction that pulls all objects toward Earth’s center is an example of which of the following? Question 4 Chapter Review A. hypothesis B. law C. theory D. variable AID S1.1b

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is B. This statement describes the scientific law of gravity.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Question 5 Chapter Review Answer What does it mean to be objective when conducting scientific experiments? You are objective if you design your experiment in a way that prevents personal opinion from affecting any part of your investigation, including observations. AID S3.2b

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Which word refers to variables in experiments that do not change? Question 1 A. constants B. controls C. data D. hypothesis AID S2.2d

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. Constants are variables that are not changed. Controls are standards for comparison.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Which is an appropriate question for science to consider? Question 2 A. Does breaking a mirror cause bad luck? B. What birds prefer nesting in low shrubs? C. What brand of fertilizer should farmers use? D. Which type of rose produces the most pleasing scent? AID S3.2b

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. Questions that involve judgments about beauty or matters of opinion are not in the realm of science.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice In a controlled experiment, the __________ is the observed condition that results from the change of the __________. Question 3 A. dependent variable, control group B. dependent variable, independent variable C. independent variable, dependent variable D. independent variable, hypothesis AID S2.2d

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. In a controlled experiment, the condition that is changed is the independent variable. The scientist then observes or measures the dependent variable that results.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Which is a personal opinion that can affect observations in scientific experiments? Question 4 A. bias B. concern C. ethics D. fraud AID S3.2b

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. Bias is personal opinion; fraud is the opposite of ethical behavior in science.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice In an experiment designed to test the effect of fertilizer on plant growth, which of these is a control? Question 5 A. plants receiving 10 mg per plant biweekly B. plants receiving 20 mg per plant biweekly C. plants receiving 30 mg per plant biweekly D. plants receiving no fertilizer AID S2.2d

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is D. A control is a standard used for reference. The plant group receiving no fertilizer is a control because growth in this group occurs in the absence of the variable being tested. Plant growth in the experimental groups can be compared to that in the control group to determine the effect of the fertilizer.

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