Girding for War The North and South Group 1

Europe’s Opinion As the civil war began, Britain was fearful of the concept of a “total war” with the US, Britain, and France. Pressure from certain states for protection was viewed unfavorably by Britain. Britain had a negative outlook on the institution of slavery and therefore did not agree with the southern way of life. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and the “Bleeding Kansas” incident with John Brown helped to sway the opinion of Great Britain towards the north.

Europe’s Opinion The south wanted to trade cotton with Britain, but the association with slavery was unappealing. 2/3 of British good were shipped to America, but at the start of the war this number declined.

Why Did the South Secede? To protect the institution of slavery which they perceived as being threatened by the Republican party and the Lincoln administration. Lincoln did not tax the South into seceding from the Union; most of them seceded after his election but before he took oath in office.

Which States Seceded? 11 states seceded in total. Arkansas, Tennessee, Virginia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida and Texas.

Jefferson Davis: A New President Born June 3 rd, 1808 Only President of the Confederacy Graduated West Point in 1828 Successfully ran and resigned from U.S House of Representatives Secretary of War under Franklin Pierce “Compromise candidate” Approved by popular vote Feb. 22 nd, 1862 Authoritarian federalist

Jefferson Davis: A New President Defeat at Chattanooga was last chance for South to win Civil War Replaced commander of Tennessee with John B. Hood Hood lost more men in 6 weeks than Johnston lost in 3 months Two years in jail for treason Died in 1889 at age 81 County named after him in Atlanta

“Honest Abe” Born Feb. 12, 1809 Mother died 1818 Elected to lower house 1834 as a whig Supported 2nd Bank of the United States, government- sponsored improvements, and protective tariffs Became a lawyer in 1836 Served 1 term as U.S House of Representative Opposed Mexican War Supported Wilmot Proviso Joined Republican Party “A house divided against itself cannot stand.”

“Honest Abe” Feb. 1860: presidential candidate Won nomination by 2 nd choice of majority Inauguration March 1861: 7 states seceded Sent provisions to Fort Sumter April 12: South Carolina fires on fort; Civil War begins Tried to keep Republican party together 1861: suspended writ of habeas corpus; 13,000+ arrests Five days after surrender of Lee, John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln in the head Pronounced dead at 7:22am the next Morning

Fort Sumter March Major Anderson sent word to Lincoln that the men at Fort Sumter needed supplies. Lincoln did not feel as though he should send supplies to Fort Sumter Sent reinforcements instead He knew the South Carolinians would fight back Lincoln told the South Carolinians he was sending provisions, but they knew they were reinforcements March When the northerners refused to evacuate (because they were getting reinforcements) the Confederates shot and initiated the war. The men in the fort did not attempt to shoot back. It is suspected that Lincoln wanted the Confederates to attack, so they would start the war and the North could be seen as more peaceful.

Fort Sumter

The Border States The only slave states left in the Union were the Border States. Consisted of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and later West Virginia. Called the “Border States” because they were on the border of the Union and Confederacy- and could easily support either side. If the chose to secede, they would have nearly doubled the size, and strength, of the Confederacy. The Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee rivers, which were in the Border States, controlled southern manufacturing. Naturally, the North wanted control of these rivers.

The Border States To ensure the loyalty of the Border States, Lincoln sent troops to the states. He also made a public statement that he was not fighting to free slaves, just to reunite the country. Lincoln won the states because he was fighting to save the union. The states chose to be apart of the union rather than the Confederacy, who provoked the war.

Lincoln’s View

“A Brothers’ War” The Civil War was a “Brothers’ War” because northerners fought for the south, and southerners for the north. In many border states, one brother would fight for the Union while the other for the Confederacy. Sen. Crittenden (KY) had two sons: one was a general for the Confederacy and the other a general for the Union. Since it was a war between one country, it pitted brothers and countrymen against each other.