What was the meaning of the U.S. Civil War? GRANT “This is a war to keep the Union together.” “This is a war for Southern Independence.” LEE

1. State’s Rights 2. Sectionalism 3. Slavery 4. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 5. Election of Secession

- United States - Confederate States

U.S. War Deaths in Thousands

Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States during the Civil War, who insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary

Ulysses S. Grant: Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several other Union commanders had failed

__________ Economy based on _______________. __________ Economy based on _______________. Southern ___________ fed the North. Southern ___________ fed the North. Favored ____________ of slavery. Favored ____________ of slavery. Wanted a high ___________to protect industries in the North. Wanted a high ___________to protect industries in the North. Believed in a strong ___________ _____________. Believed in a strong ___________ _____________. IndustrialManufacturing Cotton abolition tariff NationalGovernment

STRENGTHSWEAKNESSES Large Industrial Base to build war materials Poor Military leadership Much larger population Larger area to defend More Technology

Squeeze the South “Anaconda” plan Blockade Southern ports Gain control of Mississippi

President of the Confederacy: Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis: U.S. Senator who became president of the Confederate States of America

General of the Confederacy: Robert E. Lee

_________________ _______________ based on, ________________, _____________ in particular. _________________ _______________ based on, ________________, _____________ in particular. Depended on _________ to produce cotton profitably. Depended on _________ to produce cotton profitably. Southern cotton accounted for a majority of U.S. _________ to other countries. The south was a MONEY MAKER! Southern cotton accounted for a majority of U.S. _________ to other countries. The south was a MONEY MAKER! Hated a _________ because the South also __________ more than the North. Feared a _____________ _____________ from other countries would hurt their economy as well. Hated a _________ because the South also __________ more than the North. Feared a _____________ _____________ from other countries would hurt their economy as well. Believed in state’s rights, among them the right to ________ federal law and the right of a state to___________. Believed in state’s rights, among them the right to ________ federal law and the right of a state to___________. An Agricultural economy Cash crops cotton slavery exports tariff imported retaliatory tariff nullify secede

STRENGTHSWEAKNESSES Large Export economy Few Factories to make war material Good Military Leadership Smaller population from which to build an army People have the will to fight Less money and fewer Railroads

“King Cotton” Plan Defensive war of attrition (strategy of winning by not losing) Wear out opponent G. Washington’s strategy in Revolutionary War Get European support Jackson, Beauregard, Lee

South - twice the size of 13 original colonies GOAL: Secession and independence Jefferson Davis - President

Psychology – closeness in numbers. Battles were terrifying bullets actually hit somebody Could see flags above firing smoke fog for formation

Women – had to feed and take care of the men Confederate Sterling Price’s Wagon Train through Missouri stretched (reportedly) 15 miles

Threw 12-pound shell up to 1000 yards (1/2 mile) Could be easily disassembled & carried by mule Smoothbore Howitzer

Limited use in the Civil War rounds (bullets) in one minute

Iron covered vessels Revolving turret (cannon) Brings an end to tall-masted wooden military ships

Union Army’s standard weapon Rifled bore - greater accuracy yards (compared to 80 yards for smooth bore weapons) Gives rise to trench warfare Single Shot? Why not multiple shot?

Long distance communication Organized troop movement

Allowed for quick movement of troops & supplies This was a huge advantage for the Union All major Civil War battles took place 100 or miles less from RR tracks

Disease was the chief killer in the war - claiming two soldiers for every one killed in battle. Hospitals were so unsanitary that one Union soldier lamented: "If a fellow has [to go to the] Hospital, you might as well say goodbye.” -Ken Burns - Civil War

She was a Northern woman who gave water to dying soldiers She continually risked her life to do this

Since South Carolina had seceded from the United States, it didn’t want Northern soldiers on its land at Fort Sumter Southern General Bueargard tried to get the northern general Anderson to peacefully surrender Fort Sumter.

April 12 & 13 - Confederate forces bombarded Fort Sumter Fort Surrenders - no one killed Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers to end insurrection Virginia, N. Carolina, Arkansas and Tennessee join the Confederacy

The Battle took place in Farmer Miller’s cornfield. The battle is known as the Single bloodiest day in the Civil War. 23,500 men were killed in the Bloody lane. The name of the bridge where the confederates held the Yankees for 4 hours is called, Burnside. The south used rocks when they ran out of ammunition. South won the battle.

September 22, Antietam prompts preliminary Emancipation Proclamation surrender in 100 days or lose slaves January 1, Proclamation put into effect for areas still in rebellion African Americans flee to Union lines Confederacy loses thousands of laborers

How did the ideas expressed in the Emancipation Proclamation support the North’s war aims? A.Emancipation Proclamation Freed those slaves located in the “rebelling” states Freed those slaves located in the “rebelling” states (Southern states that had seceded) (Southern states that had seceded) Made the abolition of slavery a Northern war aim Made the abolition of slavery a Northern war aim Discouraged any interference of foreign governments Discouraged any interference of foreign governments Allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers in the Union Army Allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers in the Union Army

President Abraham Lincoln recognized the significance of the town situated on a 200-foot bluff above the Mississippi River. He said, "Vicksburg is the key, the war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket." This was part of the Anaconda Plan devised by the Union Confederate forces surrendered on July 3, 1863

July 1-3, 1863, Turning point of the Civil War Bloodiest battle (3 days), ending with Picket’s charge, only time the South attempts to invade the North, 51,000 Union and Confederate deaths. On November 19,1863. President Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address.

"Four score and seven years ago," Lincoln examined the founding principles of the United States in the context of the Civil War, and memorialized the sacrifices of those who gave their lives at Gettysburg and extolled virtues for the listeners (and the nation) to ensure the survival of America's representative democracy, That "government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

How did the ideas expressed in the Gettysburg Address support the North’s war aims? Gettysburg Address: Nov. 19, 1863 Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” Lincoln believed America was “one nation,” not a collection of sovereign states. Southerners believed that states had freely joined the union and could freely leave.

Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse in VA April 9, 1865 Confederacy surrenders Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse in VA April 9, 1865 Confederacy surrenders

YearBattleDescription 1861April—Fort Sumter, S.C. July—Bull Run, Virginia --Union forces surrender at Charleston --Union army routed by Confederates 1862Sept.—Antietam, Virginia Dec.—Fredericksburg, Virginia --First major Union defeat of Lee --Lee halts Union advance to Richmond 1863May—Chancellorsville, Virginia July—Vicksburg, Miss.Vicksburg, Miss July—Gettysburg, Penn. --Lee defeats Union and invades North --Grant captures Vicksburg --Lee’s invasion on North halted, Lee retreats 1864Sept.—Atlanta, Georgia--Sherman’s March to the Sea 1865April—Appomattox, Virginia--Lee surrenders to Grant, Civil War ends 43 TAKS Obj. 5 / TEKS 8.30D also 8.8B SELECTED BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR,

Battle of Ft. Sumter (and Bull Run) 1861 Battle of Gettys- burg (July, 1863) Turning point of the war, last time the South invaded North January, 1863 Lincoln’s order that all slaves in rebellious territories were free. Appomotox Courthouse- April, 1865 Confederate Gen. Lee surrenders July, 1863

The speech above shows that Lincoln believed that the South should — A be allowed to continue the practice of slavery B pay for the damages suffered by the Union C receive fair treatment after the war D be punished for seceding from the Union