THE ENLIGHTENMENT People can think about everything…

UEQ and LEQ  UEQ: How did the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment change the world?  LEQ: What impact did the Enlightenment have on government, economics, religion, and education?

Famous Quote Warm Up  Read the quote below carefully, look at the words being used, and answer the questions that are about the quote.  “Knowing others is wisdom, knowing yourself is enlightenment.” - Lao TzuKnowing others is wisdom, knowing yourself is enlightenment.  Define knowing (know).  What is wisdom?  Predict why wisdom is important for someone to have?  Define the word enlightenment in your own words.  Explain why it is important for you to know yourself, before you know information about someone else.

Being Enlightened Thinking About Diseases She's A Witch

Starting the Enlightenment  The Scientific Revolution changed the way people thought about the world around them.  New inventions were created (telescope)  New ideas were started (sun was center of solar system)

The Enlightenment  People began looking at old ideas and beliefs about society.  People looked to change the ideas of four areas…  Government  Economics  Education  Religion  Enlightenment  Through reasoning and thinking, individuals could solve problems.

Solving Problems Citizens talk about problems and try to solve them… If problems cannot be solved by talking, people can fight to solve problems…

Changing Government  Thomas Hobbes  English citizen and writer, saw the horror of war  Wrote humans were evil and without government, people would fight each other.  Wrote that to keep peace and safety, people had to give up their own rights to rulers, so laws and order protected them.  Social Contract: Idea that Hobbes creates, said people agreed to let governments and rulers control them.

Thomas Hobbes Old IdeaNew Idea In the past rulers controlled people because God said they could. People allow government and rulers to control them.

John Locke  English citizen and thinker  Beliefs  People could learn from experience and improve  People can always take care of themselves  Natural Rights  Locke’s idea  People are born free and everyone is equal

Natural Rights  Locke’s Natural Rights idea says you have three natural rights (you are born with them)  Life  Liberty (Freedom)  Pursuit of Happiness  Locke said that government protects the three natural rights.  If government does not protect the rights, citizens can get rid of government.

Natural Right: Life Class Discussion In what ways can your right to live be taken away?

Natural Right: Liberty Class Discussion How can freedom be taken away from you? How are you not free today?

Natural Right: Pursuit of Happiness Class Discussion In what ways can you become happy? Why should you pursue happiness?

Natural Rights Today  Carefully watch the movie clip that I will show you, after it ends I will have a few writing prompts for you to answer. 1. Marriage Today In America Marriage Today In America Which of the three natural rights, does gay marriage represent? How? Should gay marriage be allowed? Why/Why Not? Predict, name two rights that you have today that are being taken away. How are both rights being taken away?

Enlightenment in France  The Enlightenment spread to the country of France by the middle of the 1700’s.  In Paris, people met to talk about ideas and government.  Philosophes  French people that thought they could explain everything that happened in life.

Five Beliefs  Philosophes believed in five main ideas… 1. Reason (Thinking) 2. Nature (The World) 3. Happiness (Being Happy) 4. Progress (Change) 5. Liberty (Freedom)  Philosophes believed that they could change and improve these areas by thinking.

Reason  The truth could be discovered by thinking. Example: If you stick your wet finger in an electrical socket you will be electrocuted…

Nature  Everything that happens occurs for a reason and is good.

Happiness  People should find joy and happiness when they are alive.  People should not wait until they die to be happy.

Progress  Groups of people could improve. How does Obama’s election as President show Progress?

Liberty  People should be free.

Guided Reading  Using pages 196 to 199, fill in the guided reading handout on Enlightenment thinkers and writers.  For the graphic organizer on the handout, as you read find each of the five Enlightenment thinkers or writers that are listed.  Write down two beliefs that each writer had.  Once finished answer part B. Explain how the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers, led people to revolution. (Changing things around them by fighting)

French Writer  Francois Marie Arouet  Wrote books under the name Voltaire  Voltaire made fun of members of the Catholic Church, rich French citizens, and the French Government.  Imprisoned twice, forced to live in England for 2 years.  Fought for freedom of speech, freedom of religion, equality for all people.

Voltaire Class Discussion Why is it important for people to speak freely?

Second French Writer  Baron de Montesquieu  Studied England believed it had the best government.  The English government’s power was divided between the king, members of the government, and judges.  He called this split of power checks and balances or separation of powers.  Government worked best if its powers were divided between different members of the government.

Separation of Powers

Third French Writer  Jean Jacques Rousseau  Argued that civilization made people evil  Said if people gave up their rights to government control, people could be kept safe  Argued all people were equal and that there should not be an upper, middle, or lower class for citizens.

Women in the Enlightenment  As the world changed, women were considered inferior and were excluded  Women were not allowed an education  Women were not encouraged to read  Mary Wollstonecroft  Female writer who said that women need education to become useful.  Said women should enter politics and medicine

Legacy of the Enlightenment  New progress towards making society better.  New discoveries in science  People had confidence to solve their problems  People looked at things without using religion.  People did not believe everything was changed or caused by God.  People used each other to solve problems.  People thought about things.  People solved their own problems.  Kings and Queens could not control everything.